MLA

I（封面一）论文编号：中国政法大学本科生毕业论文TheInfluenceofContextonSpeechActs语境对言语行为的影响学号：专业：英语姓名：学院：外国语学院年级：指导教师:完成日期：论文成绩：(封面二)TheInfluenceofContextonSpeechActsbyZhangPing（张平）Supervisor:WangLi（王力）SubmittedinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheDegreeofBachelorofArtsForeignLanguageSchoolChinaUniversityofPoliticalScienceandLawJune2014AbstractWhatiscontextandwhatarespeechacts?Howcancontextinfluencespeechacts?Thesequestionshavearousedmanylinguists’interestsforalongtimeandwillbedemonstratedinthispaper.Thisdissertationaimsatinfluenceofcontextonspeechactsandgivesaguideofusingproperspeechactsindifferentcontexts.…Keywords:context;speechact;communication;restrictionI摘要何谓语境何谓言语行为？语境对言语行为有何影响？上述问题长期以来一直激发着众多语言学家的兴趣。本文将对这些问题进行探讨，旨在研究语境对言语行为的影响并指导人们在不同的语境中如何正确使用言语行为。……关键词：语境；言语行为；交谈；限制Contents注：二、三级标题除首字母及专有名词外，均小写。Abstract………………………………………………..........................…....………….............i摘要…………………………….…………………..........................…....…………......................iiI.Introduction………………………………………………..........................…....…………...1II.Contextanditsstructure………………………………..........................…....…………..12.1Linguists’viewsanddefinitionsofcontextindictionaries……………………….12.2Theclassificationofcontext…………………………………………………………32.3Myviewpointoncontext…………………………..………………………………….7III.Speechacttheory………………………………………………………………………….73.1Anintroductiontospeechacttheory………...………………….............……............73.2Austin’sviewonspeechacts………...………………………………………………..83.3Searle’sdevelopmentonspeechacttheory………...…………....….......…………10IV.Restrictionsofcontextonspeechactsincommunication………....….......…..…104.1Restrictionsoftextualcontext………………………………………………………114.2Restrictionsofsituationalcontext….……………………………………………....114.3Restrictionsofsocialculturalcontext….……………………………………..........12V.Treatingcontextactivelyincommunication………...........…………………………135.1Makingfulluseofcontext……………………………...........………………………135.2Creatingfavorablecontext…………………………….........………………….........145.3Usingappropriatespeechactsincontext.……....………………………………….14IV.Conclusion…………………………………………………..........................…..………15References………………………………………………..........................…...............……..16Acknowledgments………………………………………………..........................…....……171.5倍行距，尽量控制在一页I.IntroductionContextandspeechactaretwoimportantcomponentsincommunication.Neitherofthemcanbeisolatedfromtheother.Asamaterialandsocialenvironmentofcommunication,contextplaysanimportantroleinspeechactsandhasgreatinfluenceonthem.Inourdailylifepeoplerarelyconsidertherelationsbetweencontextandspeechactwhenwearetalkingorspeaking.Infact,thebetterweunderstandtheinfluenceofcontextonspeechacts,thebetterwewilldoincommunication.II.ContextanditsstructureContext,awordthatappearsfrequentlyinlinguistics,hasdrawngreatattentionfromscholarsinvarioustimes.Itisrecognizedthatcontexthasastrongimpactonexpressionandexertsagreatinfluenceonaperson’sactions.Asamostimportantelementinpeople’sdailycommunication,manylinguistsareworkingonitanditisalsoacomplexitythatlinguisticsandevenotherdisciplinesarefacing.“Factorsinvolvedinunderstandingcontextincludereference,presupposition,implicatureandinference”(Yang&Tan,273).Butthebasicproblemfortheresearchiswhatcontextis.2.1Linguists’viewsanddefinitionsofcontextindictionariesThenthetheoriesofcontextarefurtherdevelopedbymanyotherlinguists,butthemostfamousoneisM.A.K.Halliday’s.Inhistheoryoffunctionalgrammar,hetriestomodifyMalinowski’sconceptofsituationalcontextingreaterabstraction.Hiscontributiontosituationalcontextisbestknownashistheoryof“register”.ThetermfirstappearedinhisworkLanguageasSocialSemiotics.Intheworkhedefines“register”as:Aregistercanbedefinedastheconfigurationofsemanticresourcesthatamemberofaculturetypicallyassociateswiththesituationtype.Itisthemeaningpotentialthatisaccessibleinagivensocialcontext.Boththesituationandtheregisterassociatedwithitcanbedescribedtovaryingdegreesofspecificity,buttheexistenceofregistersisafactofeverydayexperience(91).…2.2TheClassificationofcontextDifferentdefinitionsofcontextwillnaturallyleadtodifferentwaysofclassification.Somelinguistsmakeadistinctionbetween“contextofsituation”and“contextofculture”,andsomeotherscholarsclassifyitintobroadcontextandnarrowcontext,butmostpeopleagreethatcontextcanbedividedintolinguisticcontextandnon-linguisticcontext.InCatford’stheory(1965),contextcanbedividedintocontextofsituationandcontextoflanguage.Inhisworkhepointedoutthatcontextreferstocontextofsituation,i.e.thoseelementsoftheextratextualsituationrefertothesituationsthatarerelatedtothetext.…IV.ConclusionTheinfluenceofcontextonspeechactsissuchacomplicatedsubjectthatathesislikethisonlycanexplainaverysmallpartofit.Basedontheachievementsmadebytheformerscholarsandlinguists,thispaperhasgivenageneralinterpretationofinfluenceofcontextoncommunication.MeanwhileIbelievethatcommunicationcanonlyexistincontextandanutterancewillbemeaninglesswithoutagivencontext.Thediscussionofinfluenceofcontextonspeechactsisrelatedwithvariousfactorsandeachofthefactorscanbeanindependenttopic.Takecontextforexample,f