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333(,100080)(,100022)RoleofProtozoainActivated-Sludge.ChenShenggui,XuMuqi(InstituteofZoology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Bei2jing100080),YangXiangping,GanYiping,ZhaiJiaji,LiuWeiyan,ShaoYongyi(BeijingMunicipalDrainageCorpora2tion,Beijing100022).ChineseJournalofEcology,2002,21(3):4751.Protozoainactivatedsludgecanimprovethesewagetreatment,reducethemassofsludgeandindicatethequalityofefflu2ent.Thefollowingeffectsarereviewed:extretionofgrowthfactorsandextracellularpolymers;preyingonbacteria.Preyingchangesthestructureofbacteriacommunity,stimulatesthegrowthofbacteriainflocsandbenefitsthesedimentoftheactivatedsludge.Protozoagrazingonfecalbacteriaandinthesuspendedliquorisessentialfortheproductionofgoodqualityeffluent.Keywords:protozoa,activatedsludge,grazing,wastewatertreatment.:,,,:Q958.1:A:1000-4890(2002)02-0047-053(No.30170159)(No.39970138)(No.39730070)33:,,25,,1,,52,,,,;,;,1913ArdernLockett,,85%,,,,,,,,,,[1],(Mastigophora)(Sarcodina)(Ciliatedprotozoa)(Peranemadeflexum)(Anisonemaacinus),(Mayorellapenardi)(Arcellahemisphaerica),,,70%,1ml,5104,5%[9],3,(Hemiophrys)(Coleps),;(Euplotes)(As2pidisca),;(Epistylis)(Vorticella),,,,,,70%,,Curds[9],,,BOD,COD,,,,,,BODCOD70%2002,21(3):4751ChineseJournalofEcology40%,,,(Uronemamar2inum),,,(OD600),COD35.4%45.8%,[40]Curds[4]1,,,,[11,12,35,41]Al2ShahwaniHoran,,,20BODBOD5=a0+a1X1+a2X2+a3X3+,a,X[20]Paolo17,197(PCA),,(Arcella)(Euglypha)(Vaginicolacrystallina),(Voticellamicrostoma)(Operculariasp.),BOD[42],[42],,2,,[22],,,[3]Mallory[36]DNA,3.95.1[24],[34][28],,[34][39],,,,,[52](Tetrahymenapyriformis),,(Escherichiacoli),,[44],,(Bacilli)(Pseudomona)[6,27],,,5%10%[9],,Chudoba[13],,[23],,,,,,,3311,84213,P[46],(Heterotreophicnanoflagellates,HNAN),(PO4-P)6,N30%,[7]NP,,[2]3.2,,[24](O.coarctata),,95%,5.0104ml-1,,,(Flarobacterium)[14]Curds[14],Mallory[21](Azotobactervinelanddi),James[32]6,3,3,,(F/M),,,,r-,[4][37],,95.5%,1.8h,54%,16.1h,[15]313(Cyclidiumsp.)7d,1.5m20m,,[47],,,,,,,[29],,,,,,,,,[5],[48][30],,,314,,,,,,,[25]315,,,[9,16][53],(Epistylisplicatilis)(Thuricolafolliculata),,,4411(Euplotesmoebiusi)80um,2.5104[26]3170ml-1,[49],,48[17,33]41294:,,(Parameciumcaudatum)2017h[50],7h[18],,,[51],,,,,Curds[19]1973,,,90%,,3,7.84132.61071109ml-1,41065107ml-1[26],1.01041.0107ml-1,[44]414[8](Pseudomonassp.),DNA,,[8],,Curds[20][20]415BODCurds[19]BOD,BOD[19],,BOD,,,,BOD,BOD,,BOD,,BOD5,[38],BOD,,[28]BOD,,,,,,,,,,,60mgL-1[24],,,Hamer[31]BODNP10051,NP,NP,NP,N,PN,P,,12%43%,[43],,,,,,,,Curds,05213,,,,,16sRNA,,[1],,,.[M].:,1990.72.[2]Al2ShahwaniS.M.etal.Theuseprotozoatoindicatechangesintheperformanceofactivatedsludgeplants[J].Wat.Res.,1991,25:633638.[3]Andersson,A.etal.Releaseofaminoacidsandinorganicnutri2entsbyheterotropicmarinemicroflagellates[J].Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser.,1985,23:99106.[4]Andrews,J.H.Relevanceofr2andk2theorytotheecologyofplantpathogens[A].In:Klug,M.J.(eds).CurrentPerspectivesonMicrobialEcology[C].WashingtonDC:AmericanSocietyforMicrobialEcology,1984.17.[5]Albright,L.J.etal.Grazingofciliatedonfreeandparticle2at2tachedbacteria[J].Mar.Ecol.Proog.Ser,1987,38:125129.[6]Banno,Y.etal.BiochemicalcharacteristicsofsecretedproteasesduringgrowthofTetrahymenapyriformisWH214:comparisonofextracellularwithintrecellularproteases[J].J.Protozool,1986,29:9198.[7]Barsdate,R.J.etal.Phosphoruscycleofmodelecosystems:sig2nificancefordecomposerfoodchainsandeffectofbacterialgraz2ers[J].Oikos,1974,25:239251.[8]Berk,S.G.andBotts,J.A.Indirecteffectsofchlorinatedwastewateronbacteriovorousprotozoa[J].Environ.Pollut.(se2riesA),1984,34:237249.[9]Curds,C.R.Theecologyandroleofprotozoainaerobicsewagetreatmentprocesses[J].A.Rev.Microbiol.,1982,36:2746.[10]Curds,C.R.andCockburn,A.StudiesonthegrowthandfeedingofTetrahymenapuriformisinaxenicandmonoxenicculture[J].J.Gen.Microil.,1968,54:343358.[11]Curds,C.R.Anecologicalstudyoftheciliatedprotozoainacti2vatedsludge[J].Oikos,1965,15:282289.[12]Curds,C.R.Theecologyandroleofprotozoainaerobicsewagetreatmentprocesses[J].A.Rev.Microbiol.,1982,36:2746.[13]Chudoba,J.Inhibitoryeffectsofrefractoryorganiccompoundsproducedbyactivatedsludgemicro2organismsonmicrobialactivi2tyandflocculation[J].Wat.Res.,1985,19:197200.[14]Curds,C.R.andFey,G.J.TheeffectofciliatedonfateofEs2cherichiacoliintheactivated2sludgeprocess[J].Wat.Res.,1969,3:853867.[15]Colin,R.C.urds.Theroleofprotozoaintheactivated2sludgeprocess[J].Amer.Zool.,1973,13:161169.[16]Clarholm,M.Microbesaspredatorsorprey[A].In:Klug,M.J.(eds).CurrentPerspectivesonMicrobiolEcology[C].Washing2tonDC:AmericanSocietyforMicrobialEcology,1984.321326.[17]Curds,C.R.andCockburn,A.ContinuousmonoxeniccultureofTetrahymenapyriformis[J].J.Gen.Microbiol.,1971,66:95108.[18]Curds,C.R.andVandyke,J.M.Thefeedinghabitsandgrowthratesofsomefresh2waterciliatedfoundinactivated2sludgeplants[J].J.Appl.Ecol.,1966,3:127137.[19]Curds,C.R.Atheoreticalstudyoffactorsinfluencingthemicro2bialpopulationdynamicsoftheactivated2sludgeprocess2.Theeffectofdiurnalvariationsofsewageandcarnivorousciliatedpro2tozoa[J].Wat.Res.,1973,7:12691284.[20]Curds,C.R.Microbialinteractionsinvolvingprotozoa[A].In:Curds,C.R