03-Supporting-Details-al

ChapterThree:SupportingDetailsAsyouknow,themostimportantreadingskillisfindingthemainidea.Acloselyrelatedreadingskillislocatingsupportingdetails—theaddedinformationyouneedtomakesenseofthemainidea.Toreadeffectively,youmustrecognizebothmainideasandthedetailsthatsupportthoseideas.Whataresupportingdetails?Supportingdetailsarereasons,examples,facts,steps,orotherkindsofevidencethatexplainamainidea.Inthecartoon,theman’smainideaisthat:hisjobisunbearable.Whatsupportdoeshegiveforhisidea?1.healmostdidn’tgetadoughnut,2.hegotputonholdforthreeminutes,and3.hegotapapercut.(Hissupportisnotveryconvincing!Ideasshouldalwayshaveconvincingsupport.)doughnut油炸甜面圈putsbonhold把某人晾在一边Theman’ssupportforhisstatementthathisjobisunbearableisthatInthecartoon,themanwhoisbeingevaluatedatheaven’sgateadmitsthat“Ineverprayedadayinmylife.”Thisisstrongsupportforthemainidea—”Itwasnotgoingwell.”AParagraphwithStrongSupportIntheparagraphbelow,threemajordetailssupportthemainideathatmanypeoplearestrangelypassivewhentheyvisitadoctor.Canyouidentifythethreemajordetails?Canyouidentifythethreemajordetails?P95Manypeoplearestrangelypassivewhentheyvisitadoctor.Firstofall,theyoftenfailtoprovidethedoctorwithcompleteinformationabouttheirmedicalproblem.Theymaybarelydescribetheirsymptoms,believingthataskilleddoctor—likeamastercarmechanic—willsomehoweasilybeabletodiagnosewhatiswrongwiththem.Secondly,manypeoplefailtoasktheirdoctorsforafullandclearexplanationoftheircondition.Theydon’twanttoappearignorantinfrontoftheir“all-knowing”doctor,andtheydon’twanttotakeuptoomuchofthisImportantPerson’stime,sotheysaylittleandaskalmostnothing.Lastofall,theyoftenfailtounderstandadoctor’sorders.Studiesshowthatmanypatientsdon’tunderstandwhytheyshouldtakeacertainmedicationorforhowlongtheyshouldtakeit.Incrediblyenough,somepatientsarenotevensure,astheyareabouttoberolledintoanoperatingroom,whytheyarehavingsurgery!Hereinoutlineformarethethreemajordetailssupportingthemainidea:Mainidea:Manypeoplearestrangelypassivewhentheyvisitadoctor.Supportingdetails:1.Theydon’tprovideenoughinformationabouttheirproblem2.Theydon’tgetafullexplanationabouttheirproblem3.Theydon’tunderstandadoctor’sordersThreeusefulnote-takingstrategies•Outlining•Mapping•SummarizingOutliningAnoutlineshowstherelationshipbetweenamainideaanditssupportingdetails.Outlinesstartwithamainidea,followedbymajorsupportingdetails.Sometimestherewillbeminorsupportingdetailsaswell.Majordetailsexplainanddevelopthemainidea.Minordetailshelpfilloutthemajordetailsandmakethemclear.OutliningTipsTip1:Lookforlistwordsthattellyoualistofdetailsiscoming:Tip2:Lookforadditionwordsthatsignalmajordetails:SeveralkindsofVariouscausesAfewreasonsAnumberofAseriesofThreefactorsFourstepsAmongtheresultsSeveraladvantagesonefirstofallinadditionfurthermorefirstalsonextlastofallsecondanothermoreoverfinallySchoolbullieshavebeenaroundaslongastherehavebeenschools.Studiesrevealseveralreasonswhysomechildrenbecomebullies.Researchshowsthatacertaincombinationofsizeandpersonalitymaybeonefactor.Bigger,moreaggressivechildrenaremorelikelytotrytodominatetheirsmaller,quieterpeers.AnotherfactorlinkedtobullyingisoverexposuretoviolentTVprograms.BythetimetheaverageAmericanchildistenyearsold,heorshehaswatchedthousandsofactsofviolence,includingassaultandmurder.Suchexposurecanleadtoaggressionandviolence.Finally,exposuretorealviolenceisafactorinbullying.Studiesindicatethatvictimsofbulliesoftenturnintobulliesthemselves.Whetherabusedbyfamilymembersortormentedbyotherkids,bulliestypicallylearntheirbehaviorfromothers.Lookcloselyintotheeyesofabully,andyoumaybelookingintotheeyesofaformervictim.Whataresupportingdetails?Poorgradesinschoolcanhavevariouscauses.Foronething,studentsmayhavefinancialproblems.Iftheyneedtoworklonghourstomakemoney,theywillhavelittlestudytime.Anothercauseofpoorgradesmaybetroublewithrelationships.Astudentmaybeunhappyoverfamilyproblemsoralackoffriends.Thatunhappinesscanharmschoolwork.Afinalcauseofpoorgradesmaybebadstudyhabits.Somestudentshaveneverlearnedhowtotakegoodnotesinclass,howtomanagetheirtimeeffectively,orhowtostudyatextbook.Withoutsuchstudyskills,theirgradesarelikelytosuffer.Whatarethesecondandthirdreasonsthatshouldbeaddedtocompletethisoutlineoftheparagraph?Mainidea:Poorgradesinschoolcanhavevariouscauses.Supportingdetail:1.FinancialproblemsSupportingdetail:2.Supportingdetail:3.Poorgradesinschoolcanhavevariouscauses.Foronething,studentsmayhavefinancialproblems.Iftheyneedtoworklonghourstomakemoney,theywillhavelittlestudytime.Anothercauseofpoorgradesmaybetroublewithrelationships.Astudentmaybeunhappyoverfamilyproblemsoralackoffriends.Thatunhappinesscanharmschoolwork.Afinalcauseofpoorgradesmaybebadstudyhabits.Somestudentshaveneverlearnedhowtotakegoodnotesinclass,howtomanagetheirtimeeffectively,orhowtostudyatextbook.Withoutsuchstudyskills,theirgradesarelikelytosuffer.Mainidea:Poorgradesinschoolcanhavevariouscauses.Supportingdetail:1.FinancialproblemsSupportingdetail:2.TroublewithrelationshipsSupportingdetail:3.BadstudyhabitsOutliningTipsTip3:Inyouroutline,putallsupportingdetails