大润发打败沃尔玛家乐福的十个秘诀10TipsforRT-MarttobeatWal-MartandCarrefour2011-8-1013:18:36分享至:关键字:大润发黄明端欧尚高鑫零售门店运营大卖场大润发中国区主席黄明端生来不喜欢制造声势。去年一个冰冷的冬日早晨,这位不爱张扬的超级买家悄然走进东北某个地级市的一处物业,几乎没有人注意到他。这是典型的黄氏风格。黄明端原本对该地兴趣不大,两三年前,当地地产商曾经向大润发推荐过一些地产项目,均被下属直接否决,但直觉告诉他,这可能是个错误的决定。为了了解该项目,他本人两度私访当地市场,而没有惊动任何人—甚至连地产商都不知情。RT-MartChina,WongMingduandoesnotliketocreateamomentumborn.Lastyear,acoldwintermorning,thislow-profilebuyerquietlywalkintoaprefecture-levelcitypropertyinNortheast,almostnoonenoticedhim.ThisistypicalofHuang'sstyle.HuangMingduanhadlittleinterestinthisproperty,twoorthreeyearsago,localrealestateseverrecommendedtotheRT-MartsomerealestateprojectswhicharealldirectrejectedbyhisSubordinate,butintuitiontoldhimthatthismaybethewrongdecision.Inordertounderstandthisproject,heprivatevisitedlocalmarketstwice,butnotdisturbanyone-eventherealestatesarenotawareofthis.结果是,黄很快拍板决定在此开设一间大润发大卖场。原因很简单:二三线城市的新兴消费者的消费能力正在追赶一线城市,任何抢先进入的零售商都更有机会成为本地顾客的购物天堂。从2004年开始,大润发利用其台资身份在二三线城市开了很多门店,位置都很绝版,这是其他外资门店无法做到的。Asaresult,Mr.HuangmadethefinaldecisiontoopenaRT-Marthypermarkethere.Thereasonisverysimple:thenewconsumers’consumerpowerinthesecondandthirdtiercitiesiscatchingupfirst-tiercities,anyoftheretailerswhofirstentryhastheopportunitytobecomealocalcustomer'sshoppingparadise.Startfromyear2004,RT-MartuseitsTaiwaneseidentityopenedalotofstoresinthesecondandthirdtiercities,alllocationareverygood,thisisthethingthatotherforeignstorescannotdo.事实证明,黄明端赌对了。7月27日,注入大润发和欧尚两个品牌在大陆所有门店资产的高鑫零售有限公司(06808.HK)在香港上市,一个中国最大的零售帝国庞然显形—以门店数计,两个品牌旗下共拥有197家门店,超过已有186家店的家乐福和沃尔玛;去年销售规模高达561.68亿元,占据大陆市场12%的市场份额,高于沃尔玛的11.2%、华润创业的9.8%以及家乐福的8.1%;它亦是国内单店赢利最强的大卖场,2010年单店销售额为3.23亿元。在过去三年,其营业额年复合增长率达21.8%。“家乐福以管理授权、区域灵活性制胜;沃尔玛起步很高,以程序政策导向为王,大润发则兼而有之。”吉盛伟邦集团总裁兼家具村总经理、前家乐福华东区总经理杨孝全对《环球企业家》说。ItisprovedthatMr.HuangMingduangotit.InJuly27,GaoxinRetailLtdCorporation(06808.HK)whichhavingallstoreassetsoftwobrandsRT-MartandOushanginmainlandChinalistedinHongKong,ItshowsasChina'slargestretailempire–calculatedbythenumberofstores,twobrandshaveatotalof197storeswhichismorethanCarrefourandWal-Mart(186stores);Lastyear,salesvolumeupto56.168billionyuan,ittakesup12%ofthemainlandmarketshare,higherthanWal-Mart’s11.2%,ChinaResourcesEnterprise,Limited’s9.8%andCarrefour’s8.1%;itisalsothemostprofitablesingle-storehypermarkets,inyear2010,single-storesalesvolumeis0.323billionyuan.Inthepastthreeyears,itsturnoverannualcomp.growthratereached21.8%.Carrefouriswinninginmanagingauthorization,anddistrictsflexibility;Wal-Martstartedinhighpoint,andfocusonprocesspolicy-oriented,butRT-Martisacombinationofthem.JSWBGrouppresidentandtheformergeneralmanagerofCarrefourEastChinaYangXiaoquansaidtoGlobalEntrepreneur.黄明端是这一切的缔造者。已过天命之年的黄清瘦有神,喜欢穿一身深色夹克,戴着金色方框眼镜。从1996年台湾润泰集团成立大润发流通事业股份有限公司以来,从未有过零售管理经验的黄即成为掌舵者。1997年大润发在台湾开出第一家店,次年在上海开出大陆市场的第一家店,在过去的14年里,黄带领大润发从一家简陋的仓储杂货店,变成了令沃尔玛、家乐福生畏的零售业巨头。“本集团于往绩记录期间并未关闭任何综合性大卖场。”高鑫零售在招股说明书中骄傲地写到。HuangMingduanisthefounderofall.Heismorethan50yearsold,likestowearadarkjacketandweargoldcolorsquareglasses.Since1996,whenTaiwanRuentexGroupCo.,Ltd.establishedRT-Mart,Mr.Huangbecomestheonewhoneverhadexperienceinretailmanagementinchargingofthisarea.Inyear1997,RT-MartopeneditsfirststoreinTaiwan,andopenedthe1ststoreinmainlandChina(Shanghai)nextyear,inthepast14years,Mr.HuangledtheRT-MartfromasimplewarehousegrocerystoretoretailgiantwhichmakeWal-MartandCarrefourafraidofit.DuringtheTrackRecord,weneverclosedanycomprehensivehypermarkets.GaoxinRetailwroteintheprospectusproudly.“说他是大润发的乔布斯一点都不为过,整个大润发的权力结构就是围绕Peter(黄明端英文名)转的,他更是个工作狂。”一位熟悉大润发的人士告诉《环球企业家》。CallhimasRT-Mart’sSteveJobsisnotoveremphasized,theentirepowerstructureofRT-MartisturnaroundPeter(HuangMingduan’sEnglishname),heevenisaworkaholic.ApersonwhoisfamiliarwithRT-MartsaidtoGlobalEntrepreneur.零售业的两大难题是礼貌用语和环境卫生,大润发以特有的方式解决。一位浙江大润发门店店长发现员工开口对顾客说“欢迎光临”非常困难,原因在于店员不好意思开口,于是他每天会选两个时段在店里转,只要发现有员工没有说“欢迎光临”,就要求其跟随其后一起喊“欢迎光临”影响其他的同事,这被内部戏称为“毛毛虫”运动。类似的人性化游戏使得大润发在礼貌用语的推广普及度方面远高于同行。另一个案例则是大润发员工制服上均特别设计有一个小口袋,里面则装着一块抹布,方便员工随时随处发现脏的地方,及时将其消灭。这一建议也来自于大润发的底层员工,后被采纳全国推广。Twodifficultissuesinretailerare“LanguageCourtesy”and“environmentandhygiene”,RT-martsolvetheissuewithitsownmeans.OneRTmartstoremanagerinzhejiangprovincefoundthatitwasdifficultforthestafftosay“welcome”tocustomers,becausetheyareshametoopentheirmonths,sohewillgoaroundinthestoreintwoperiodeveryday,oncehefoundthestaffdidn’tsay“welcome”,hewouldsay“welcome”himselfandrequiredthestafftofollow,heaffectedhiscolleaguesbydoingthis,thiskindofactivitywasconsideredas“carpenterwormsport”.Throughsimilarhumanizedgames,thepopularizationofpolitelanguageinRT-martismuchhigherthanotherretailers.Thereisanothercase,intheuniformofRT-martstaff,theyalwayshaveapocketwithapieceofmopinside,whenthestafffinddirties,it’sconvenientforthemtogetridofit.Thesuggestioncamefromalowerlevelstaff,thenlaunchedacrossthecountry.事实上,大润发的底层员工薪水并无竞争力,其留人的秘诀在于一系列完备培训以及晋升体系。大润发规定门店管理干部选拔的人事权在商品部等职能部门,而日常的考核与管理的权限又在门店,交叉考核避免某一个部门领导的好恶形成对人的偏见。黄的口头禅则是:“员工是用来鼓励的,而不是用来骂的。”Infact,thesalaryoflowerlevelstaffisnotcompetitiveatall,thesecretofkeepingstaffisthattheyhaveacompletetraininga