Silicon-valley英美文化硅谷展示PPT

SiliconValleyPart3Part2HistoryPart4Part5DemographicsPart1ItroductionEconomicsUniversities,colleges,andtradeschoolsIntroduction1引入SiliconValleyReferstothehighconcentrationofcompaniesinvolvedinthemakingofsemiconductors(siliconisusedtocreatemostsemiconductorscommercially)ReferstotheSantaClaraValley（加州圣塔克拉拉谷）whereitiscentered,includingSanJoseandsurroundingcitiesandtowns.History2历史UnitedStatesNavyTheBayAreahadlongbeenamajorsiteofUnitedStatesNavyresearchandtechnology.In1933,AirBaseSunnyvale,California,wascommissionedbytheUnitedStatesGovernmentforuseasaNavalAirStation(NAS)tohousetheairshipUSSMaconinHangarOne.ThestationwasrenamedNASMoffettField,andbetween1933and1947,U.S.Navyblimpswerebasedthere.AnumberoftechnologyfirmshadsetupshopintheareaaroundMoffettFieldtoservetheNavy.WhentheNavygaveupitsairshipambitionsandmovedmostofitswestcoastoperationstoSanDiego,theNationalAdvisoryCommitteeforAeronautics(NACA,forerunnerofNASA)tookoverportionsofMoffettFieldforaeronauticsresearch.Manyoftheoriginalcompaniesstayed,whilenewonesmovedin.Theimmediateareawassoonfilledwithaerospacefirms,suchasLockheed.Duringthe1940sand1950s,FrederickTermanencouragedfacultyandgraduatestostarttheirowncompanies.HeiscreditedwithnurturingHewlett-Packard(惠普),VarianAssociates,andotherhigh-techfirms,StanfordIndustrialParkAfterWorldWarII,universitieswereexperiencingenormousdemandduetoreturningstudents.ToaddressthefinancialdemandsofStanford'sgrowthrequirements,andtoprovidelocalemploymentopportunitiesforgraduatingstudents,FrederickTermanproposedtheleasingofStanford'slandsforuseasanofficepark,namedtheStanfordIndustrialPark(laterStanfordResearchPark).FrederickTermanThefatherofSiliconValley仙童公司3ImprotanceinEconomy经济TheWashingtonmetropolitanareaTheNewYorkmetropolitanareaSiliconValleyThethirdlargesthigh-techcenterintheUnitedStatesRankfirstwith387,000high-techjobs.Havethehighestconcentrationofhigh-techworkersofanymetropolitanarea（城市群）,with285.9outofevery1,000private-sectorworkers.TheSanJose-sSunnyvale-SantaClara,CAMetropolitanStatisticalAreahasthemostmillionairesandthemostbillionairesintheUnitedStatespercapita.Thebiggesthigh-techmanufacturingcenterintheUnitedStates.Received41%ofallU.S.ventureinvestmentin2011,and46%in2012.Thehighestaveragehigh-techsalaryat$144,800.Manufactureoftransistorsis,orwas,thecoreindustryinSiliconValley.Housingpricesareextremelyhigh,faroutoftherangeofproductionworkers.LawfirmsVenturecapitalfirmsMediaSoftwareNotablecompaniesDemographics4人口统计资料PopulationBetween3.5and4millionAthirdofSiliconValleyscientistsandengineerswereimmigrantsNearlyaquarterofSiliconValley'shigh-technologyfirmssince1980wererunbyChinese(17percent)orIndianCEOs(7percent).GenderandraceAlthough103ofthe400largestpubliccompaniesheadquarteredinCaliforniawerelocatedinSantaClaraCounty(themostofallcounties),only8.8%ofSiliconValleycompanieshadwomenCEOs.Thiswasthelowestpercentageinthestate.(SanFranciscoCountyhad19.2%andMarinCountyhad18.5%.)SiliconValleytechleadershippositionsareoccupiedalmostexclusivelybymen.Thisisalsorepresentedinthenumberofnewcompaniesfoundedbywomenaswellasthenumberofwomen-leadstartupsthatreceiveventurecapitalfunding.GenderandraceWomenemployeesBlackHispanic(西班牙裔)Google17%(worldwide)1%2%Yahoo!15%2%4%Facebook15%1%3%Apple20%(worldwide)54%ofitstechjobswerestaffedbywhitepeopleand23%byAsians.In2014,techcompaniesreleasedcorporatetransparencyreportsthatoffereddetailedemployeebreakdowns.USAToday:BlacksandHispanicsarelargelyabsent,itreported,andwomenareunderrepresentedinSiliconValley—fromgiantcompaniestostart-upstoventurecapitalfirms.Universities,colleges,andtradeschools5大学，学院和职业院校TheArtInstituteofCalifornia–SunnyvaleCaliforniaCollegeoftheArtsCarnegieMellonUniversity(SiliconValleycampus)CaliforniaStateUniversity,EastBay,HaywardCañadaCollegeChabotCollegeCogswellPolytechnicalCollegeDeAnzaCollegeEvergreenValleyCollegeFoothillCollegeGoldenGateUniversitySiliconValleyCampusHultInternationalBusinessSchoolInternationalCulinaryCenterInternationalTechnologicalUniversityJohnF.KennedyUniversityCampbellCampusLincolnLawSchoolofSanJoseMenloCollegeMissionCollegeNorthwesternPolytechnicUniversity(Fremont)NationalHispanicUniversityNotreDamedeNamurUniversityOhloneCollegePeraltaCollegesSaintMary'sCollegeofCaliforniaSanJoseCityCollegeSanJoséStateUniversitySanFranciscoStateUniversitySantaClaraUniversitySiliconValleyUniversitySingularityUniversityStanfordUniversityUniversityofCalifornia,BerkeleyUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,SiliconValleyExtensionCampusUniversityofSanFranciscoSouthBayCampusWestValleyCollege