文体学-07-07ES-News-Report

ACOURSEONENGLISHSTYLISTICSChapterSevenNewsReport7.0INTRODUCTIONNewsreportreferstoageneralvarietyoflanguage,whichsendsouthotnews,newsofimportantevents,andinterestingeventstoallpartsofthecountryorregionbymassmedia.Intermsoffield,itcanreporteventsinallfields,suchaspolitics,militaryaffairs,economy,culture,medicine,scienceandtechnology,publicsecurity,sports,familyevents,etc.7.0INTRODUCTIONIntermsoftenor,therelationshipbetweentheaddresserandtheaddresseeisthatofjournalistandmasses.Althoughallthenewsreportshavethesamefunction:tosendnewstothemassesaccuratelyandquickly,theyarealsodifferentastheymaybeofdifferentpurposes.Somepapersareformalandofficial.Thefocusisonaccuracyandobjectivity.Someareusedtoprovideinterestingevents,anecdotes,andstrangeevents,sotheyarelight,humorousandentertaining.7.0INTRODUCTIONIntermsofmode,wehaveoralnewsreport,suchasradiobroadcast,TVbroadcast,andwrittennewsreport,suchasnewspaper,magazine,brochure,booklet,etc.Eachonehasitsowngenericstructure,butastheyareallconcernedwithnewsreport,theyalsohavemanythingsincommon.Herewewillfocusonnewsreportoncurrentevents.7.0INTRODUCTIONThemainsocialfunctionofnewsreportistoreportthemostvaluableeventsassoonaspossible.Inoralmedium,astimeislimited,thespeakerhastoselectthemostimportantinformation,anddropthedetailsandunimportantparts.Inwrittenmedium,itislimitedbothbyspaceandbythetasteofthereaders.Asthereadershavetosparesometimetoreadanewspaper,theyareusuallyonlyinterestedinsomegeneralknowledgeoftheevents.7.0INTRODUCTIONSothenewsreporthasto:usethesmallspacetoconveyasmuchinformationaspossible,selectthemostimportantpartofthenewsandpresentthenewsinageneral-to-particularsequence,thatis,first,thesummaryoftheevent,andthenthemoredetailedaccountofthestory.Thisdeterminesnewsreporttohavethefollowingsemantic,syntactic,lexicalandgraphologicalcharacteristics.7.1SEMANTICFEATURES7.1SemanticFeaturesThemeaningofnewsreportcanextendtoanyfields.Thisisbecausetheeventsofanyregisterscanbereportedthroughnewsreport.However,themeaningofthenewsreportproperislimited.Ithasthefollowingsemanticcharacteristics.Intermsofideationalmeaning,apartfromthesemanticfieldofnewsreport,itcoversvurtuallyallareasofmeaningsystems.7.1SEMANTICFEATURESIntermsofinterpersonalmeaning,itstressesobjectivity.Allmassmedia,suchasnewspaper,magazine,radio,andTV,aremediafornewspropagation.Theyallhavetwofunctions:(1)toprovideinformationtothebroadmasses;(2)toinfluencetheattitude,pointofviewandemotionsofthereaders.However,theydonotinfluencetheideology,pointofviewandemotionsbydirectlyrevealingtheirviews,butthroughthearbitrarychoiceofmaterial,theselectionofthoseaspectsofthematerialthatcanbestreflecttheirpurpose.Buttheyhavetoconcealtheiremotionsandsubjectivejudgmentsinordertomaketheirmaterialappearreliableandreal.7.1SEMANTICFEATURESIntermsoftextualmeaning,asittriestoconveythemostamountofmeaningbythesmallestspace,ithasthefeatureofmeaningcontraction.Itstressesclarity,soitoftendirectlyexpressesthemeaningofthereporttosuitthereaders’needs.Itemploysthedeductivemethod:itfirstprovidesthegeneralknowledgeandthentheparticularkind.Itoftentriestobevividandnewsoastoseizethereaders’attention.7.2TEXTSTRUCTURESHerewemainlyfocusonthegeneralstructureofnewsreports.Theprominentcharacteristicofnewsreportintermsoftextstructureisitsthreepartsstructure:1.Headline;2.Introduction3.Body.Forexample:7.2TEXTSTRUCTURES[7.1]BonnSeesMostTroopsOutby‘94HLBonn(Reuters)----NearlyallformerSoviettroopsbasedinEastGermanyduringtheGColdWarwillbegonebytheendoftheyear,GermanGovernmentofficialsaidMonday.OfficialsclosetothewithdrawaltalkswithMoscowsaid90percentofthetroopsshouldbegonebyDecember,eightmonthsbeforethepullbackisduetobecompletedonAugust31,1994.ButMBdelaysinRussiawereholdingupGerman-financedhousingprojectforforceswithdrawnfromEastGermany.About8,500housingunitshadbeencompleted,mostinUkraineandBelarus.MostoftheremainderwillbebuiltinRussia.[InternationalHeraldTribune,Feb.2,1993]Notations：HL=headlineG=guideMB=mainbody7.2TEXTSTRUCTURESThethreepartstructureofthisshortnewsreportisveryobvious.Therelationshipamongthethreeisfromgeneraltoparticular.Theheadlineismoregeneralthantheguidewhichismoregeneralthanthemainbody.Theguidecanbeseenasfurtherexplanationtotheheadline,andatthesametimeasasummaryofthemainbody.Intheaboveexample,itgivemoredetailedinformationaboutwhowithdrewtroops,whatkindoftroopstowithdraw,whentowithdrawtroops,andwhomadesuchadeclaration.Theevenmoredetailedinformationisprovidedbythemainbody,suchasthedetailedplanforthewithdrawal,wheretowithdrawtroops,howtobuildbarracks,andthenumberoftroopstowithdraw,etc.Thereforetheyarethethreeobligatoryelementsofnewsreport.Wewilltalkaboutthemonebyone.7.2TEXTSTRUCTURESHeadlineAnynewsmustcontainaheadline.Butsomecanalsouseasubtitle.Subtitleisusedtoprovidethemostimportantinformationinthenews.Itisanadditiontotheheadline.Butitisanoptionalelement.[7.2]U.S.MovestoProhibitSomeE.C.UtilityDealsGovernmentWon’tBuyFromEuropeAsLongAs“Discrimination”KeepsUp.[7.3]IsraelBendsOnDeporteesAndWillLet100BackInExilePeriodtoBeCutB