中考英语语法专项复习:主谓一致教学设计北戴河新区长白学校姜殿凤考情分析:“主谓一致”是每年中考的必考知识点,平均每年一道题。学情分析:学生需要对该语法项目进行系统的归纳和总结,并灵活运用所学知识点。教师的精确点拨可以帮助学生更好地掌握语法知识。复习目标:1.能掌握主谓一致的基本原则。2.能在具体的练习题中总结归纳有关主谓一致的规则。3.能体验到自主学习的重要性、探究学习并完成任务的快乐。复习重点和难点:重点:主谓一致应遵循的三个基本原则。难点:一些代词、集合名词等作主语时应遵循的原则。复习策略:自主复习合作探究精心点拨模拟演练归纳总结教学过程:StepⅠ:导入播放幻灯片“中考导航”,使学生了解“主谓一致”是中考中的高频考点。中考导航:考点河北省卷近五年中考统计高频考点20122013201420152016主谓一致语法一致√√★★★意义一致√√★★★就近原则√★★☆考情分析:从近五年考查情况看,主谓一致是每年的必考点,每年均考查一道题目。2017年备考时要熟练掌握主谓一致的各种情形,并做适量的练习来掌握和巩固。设计意图:使学生了解“主谓一致”是中考中的高频考点。StepⅡ:考点突破学生探究,教师精确点拨,突破考点。1.主谓一致的含义(幻灯片3)主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。2.主谓一致三原则:(幻灯片4)①语法一致原则:指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系。主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式.Tom___(be)agoodstudent.Theyoften_____(play)footballontheplayground.②意义一致原则:(幻灯片5)指谓语动词的单,复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记.指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。Myfamily____(is,are)havinglunchnow.Maths____(is,are)difficultforme.③就近一致原则:(幻灯片6)指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致.Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudents_____(like)playingfootball.There____(be)apenandsomebooksonthedesk.突破考点:①名词作主语:(幻灯片7——12)1.单数名词,不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词作主语,谓语用复数形式。Thedesk____(be)Tom’s.Somewater____(be)inthebottle.Thestudents_____(be)playingfootballontheplayground.2.某些集体名词,如family,team,club,class,public,group等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。Hisfamily____(be)ahappyone.Thewholefamily_____(be)watchingTV.3.某些集体名词,如people,police,clothes等,只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数。Thepolice____(be)searchingforthethief.4.单、复数同形的名词如sheep,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。Asheep____(be)overthere.Somesheep____(be)overthere.5.名词所有格之后的名词被省略,这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等,作主语时,动词一般用单数。Thedoctor’sisacrossthestreet.Myuncle’sisnotfarfromhere.常见的省略名词有:thebaker’s(面包房),thebarber’s(理发店),theZhang’s(张家)等。注:the+姓氏名词的复数形式则表示一家人。TheGreens_____(is,are)havingbreakfastnow.6.表示成双成套的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式,例如:glasses,shoes,chopsticks,pants等。Thepants_____(is,are)mine.Myglasses______(is,are)onthetable.但如果主语用“akindof,apairof,等加名词”构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。Apairofshoes______(were,was)underthedesk.Twopairsofshoes______(were,was)underthedesk.7.当表示国家,城市,人名,书名,报纸,杂志,及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时,作为整体,谓语动词用单数形式。TheUnitedStates____(is,are)inNorthAmerica.8.news,maths,physics,politics等词貌似复数,实为单数,其谓语动词用单数.Nonews____(is,are)goodnews.Maths_____(is,are)verypopularinourclass.②连接词连接的名词作主语:(幻灯片13——16)1.用and或both…and连接并列主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式。Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.注:A:并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。否则,用复数。这种情况常有两种结构形式:a/the+n+and+n,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+n+and+a/the+n,指两个人或物。Thewriterandteacheriscoming.Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.B:由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every,等修饰时,结构是each/every+n.+and+(each/every)+n.,其谓语动词要用单数形式。Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.2.当主语后面跟有aswellas,alongwith,with,like,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数由前面的主语而定。判断画线部分对错:(1)Theteacheraswellasthestudentswerereadinginthelibrary.()(2)Thewomanwithtwochildrenaremyaunt.()(3)Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball.()(4)Thestudents,includingtheirteacher,isgoingtomeetthebraveman.()(5)NobodyexceptMr.LiandMrs.Lilikessports.()(6)Mr.Libesideshissonslikesports.()3.以either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,not…but等连接的名词(代词)作主语时,谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。Eitheryouorhe____(is,are)togo.Notonebutallofus____(is,are)hopingtobethere.4.Therebe结构,依据就近一致的原则。There___(be)abook,twopensonthedesk.There____(be)twopens,abookinthedesk.③代词作主语:(幻灯片17——19)1.名词性物主代词作主语时,既可以用作单数,也可以用作复数,这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。Ours(OurParty)____(is,are)agreatparty.Yourshoesareblack,andmine_____(is,are)brown.3.疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。Who_____(is,are)yourbrother?Who_____(is,are)Leaguemembers?4.不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing,either,neither,each,theother,another作主语,谓语动词用单数。(1)Nobodywasin.(2)Iseveryoneheretoday.(3)Somethingiswrongwithhim.※(4)Noneofthemhas/haveseenthefilm.(5)Eitheroftheboysisready.(6)Neitherofthesewordsiscorrect.(7)Eachofthepenscoststhreedollars.④分数和量词作主语:(幻灯片20--23)1.由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,allof,mostof,someof,halfof,(a)partof,restof”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致.(1)Allofthefood____(is,are)ready.Alloftheworkers_____(is,are)working.(2)Partofthework_____(is,are)beendonebyus。Partofthestudents_____(have,has)gone.2.表示数量的oneandahalf后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Oneandahalfbananas____(is,are)leftonthetable.3.表示时间,价格,度量、距离、金额、书名,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。(1)Twomonthsisalongholiday.(2)Twentypoundsisn’tsoheavy.(3)Tenmilesisn’talongdistance.(4)Fiveminusfourisone.(5)TheArabianNightsisabookknowntoloversofEnglish.4.分数(百分数)+of+名词做主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。Tenpercentoftheapples____(was,were)bad.注意:population一词,用作整体时,谓语动词用单数,用其部分做主语时,谓语动词形式用复数。ThepopulationofChina____(be)1.36billionand70%ofthepopulation_____(be)peasants5.anumberof后面加复数名词或代词,其动词用复数形式;但thenumberof后面加复数名词或代词时,其谓语用单数。ThenumberoftheteachersinNo.2MiddleSchool_____(be)over100.Anumberofthem_____(be)young.⑤名词化的形容词作主语:(幻灯片24)如果主语由“the+形容词”结构担任表示一类人或物时,谓语通常用复数,这类词有:thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddumb.Therichoften____(help,he