Modernism-and-Postmodernism

ModernismandPostmodernism现代主义和后现代主义Modernismliteraturebelongstothepartofthecultureofcapitalisminthe20thcentury.Thiskindofliteraturedonotadvocateusingworkstoreproducelife,butadvocatesstartingfromthepsychologicalfeelingsofpeople,topeople'soppressionanddistortionperformancelife.Inmodernistliterature,peopletendtobedeformed,thestoryisoftenbizarre,themetendtobedesperate.ModernismliteratureCervantes'sDonQuixote'sthefathersandflaubert'semotionaleducation.ByAustriawriterFranzkafka,FrenchwritermarcelProust,Irishwriter,JamesJoyce,andreferredtoasthepioneerofwesternmodernistliteratureandmaster.In1914-1918,thefirstworldwar,thesignificantinfluenceofmodernistliteratureisnottobeunderestimated.WarbroketheoldorderandoldEuropeansocietyispatriarchalclan.WarhugedisasterforthewholeofEurope,causesensitiveintellectuals,writersandartists,inparticular,thecapitalistvaluesystemandethicalsystemhaveseriousdoubts,rebelliousmoodanddevelopIn1917,brokeoutintheRussianOctoberrevolution.Marx'sthoughtinthecapitalistvaluesystemwhenchallenged,becomeanimportanttrend,manymodernastronomers,directlyorindirectlyinfluencedbyitIntheearly20thcentury,modernphysics,especiallythebirthofEinstein'stheoryofrelativity,shakethematerialworldviewofclassicalphysics,thescientificworldbecomesubtleandcomplex,difficulttograsp.Afterthebirthofelectronictheory,cyberneticsandinformationtheoryfurtherdestroyedthetraditionalmetaphysicalpointofview,andevengreatlychangedthelanguage.Thedevelopmentofsciencetoacertainextent,affectedthedevelopmentofliteratureandart.classification•Symbolism•expressionism•Streamofconsciousness•surrealism•Theexistential•Theabsurd•Thenewnovelgroup•Blackhumor•Magicrealism•Thefutureofsocialism•dada•Thebeatgenerationpostmodernism•AfterthelattermodernismliteratureisSecondWorldWarinthewesternsocietyappearsthescopewidespreadliteratureideologicaltrend,reacheshightidetothe20thcentury70-80's.Regardlessofintheliterarythoughtorintheartistictechnique,thelattermodernismliteratureallismodernismliteraturecontinuingwiththedevelopment.Afterthemainstreamacademiccirclesoncedidnotdifferentiatethemodernageandthemodernagetwoconcepts,afterbutbecauseWorldWarIItheliteraturedevelopmentcharacteristichasalreadygonefarbeyondthescopewhichthetraditionthemodernismcouldcover,thereforethemodernismliteratureregardedasanindependentliteratureideologicaltrend,withtheclassicism,theromanticism,therealismaswellasthemodernismdevelopedsimultaneously.•Postmodernismisthedevelopmentandextensionofmodernism,inheritedthemoderntraditionofliterarystudies;Ontheotherhand,postmodernismisrebellionandruptureofmodernism,showedapostmodernwritersattempttoabandonthecontentandformsofmodernismliterature•Postmodernliteraturereferstoabsorbthewesternmodernism(includingpostmodernism)conceptsandtechniques,throughthenewvalueorientationbreakwiththetraditionalethicalandmoralconcept,reflecttheemotiontoenjoymodernlife,therationalityofthematerialpursuitandtheunderlyingpeople'slives,thepioneernovelstendtohumanism,thepursuitofequalityofpersonality.Postmodernliteratureisneithercriticsallegedaspecificwriterorgroups,thereisnodeclarationofprogramandwidely.Notonlythat,thepostmoderncultureisamulticultural,thereisnocentraltoleranceofvariousstandards,advocatecontinuouslydevelopallkindsofdifferencesandtotrytomaintaindiversityreputation,manypostmodernwritersandcriticsoftheorysystemitselfisacontradictioninitself.Themaincharacteristics1Thoroughsubversiontradition2awayfromtheso-calledtheultimatevalue3Postmodernliteratureadvocatetheso-calledzerowriting4Postmodernliteraturedeliberatelytobreaktheboundariesofeliteliteratureandpopularliterature,thereisanobvioustothepopularliteratureandtheliteraturethetendencyofconvergencebackground•Postmodernliteratureistheproductofwesternindustrialsociety.•Inthetwoworldwars,killedbythemodernscienceandtechnologyoflifereachedmorethan7000.Betweenscienceandtechnologyandthewarisalsotrappedinaviciousdevelopmentofthescienceandtechnologyandrationality,westernsocietyandwesternersintomoreone-sided,polarizeanddeformity.Peopledescendedintorationalandslavemachine•Thedeteriorationofenvironmentdirectlythreateningpeople'ssurvivalitself.Thiscausedstrongdissatisfactionandreflectionofthepeople.Theoreticalsources•Themetaphysicaltendencyinmodernwesternphilosophy•ThelateWittgenstein'sphilosophyoflanguage•Nietzsche'sirrationalismandunethical•Heidegger'sfiercecriticismonwesternphilosophyandtheoryaboutexistence,language•Thedevelopmentofhermeneuticimpacttothetraditionalphilosophy•TheFrankfurtschool,existentialismandtextWritingcharacteristics•contradiction•arrangement•Nocontinuity•Metaphorstretch•optional•SelectivefocusTheoreticalcharacteristics反语言中心主义反基础主义反同一性反对中心反对理性反对真理符合论Representativeworks•Postmodernliteraturemainlyincludestheexistentialliterature,thetheaterofabsurd,thenewnovelgroup,theblackhumor,magicrealismliterature.•Existentialismliterature:CamusL'Étranger,LaPeste.Simonethetenant,thegenerationofcelebrities.Sartrelocked.•Thetheaterofabsurd:especiallynunezlibrarybalddiaobeckettwaitingforgodot•Magicrealismliterature,gabrielGar