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DOI:10.1126/science.1171245,1312(2009);324Scienceetal.XuesongLionCopperFoilsLarge-AreaSynthesisofHigh-QualityandUniformGrapheneFilmsThiscopyisforyourpersonal,non-commercialuseonly.clickinghere.colleagues,clients,orcustomersby,youcanorderhigh-qualitycopiesforyourIfyouwishtodistributethisarticletoothers here.followingtheguidelinescanbeobtainedbyPermissiontorepublishorrepurposearticlesorportionsofarticles ):June19,2012(thisinformationiscurrentasofThefollowingresourcesrelatedtothisarticleareavailableonlineat:includinghigh-resolutionfigures,canbefoundintheonlineUpdatedinformationandservices,:SupportingOnlineMaterial:cites25articlesThisarticle95article(s)ontheISIWebofSciencecitedbyThisarticlehasbeen:citedbyThisarticlehasbeen:ThisarticleappearsinthefollowingregisteredtrademarkofAAAS.isaScience2009bytheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience;allrightsreserved.ThetitleCopyrightAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience,1200NewYorkAvenueNW,Washington,DC20005.(printISSN0036-8075;onlineISSN1095-9203)ispublishedweekly,exceptthelastweekinDecember,bytheScienceonJune19,2012’Connor,Chem.Rev.104,3893(2004).4.Y.Yin,A.P.Alivisatos,Nature437,664(2005).5.D.J.Norris,A.L.Efros,S.C.Erwin,Science319,1776(2008).6.X.G.Pengetal.,Nature404,59(2000).7.L.Manna,E.C.Scher,A.P.Alivisatos,J.Am.Chem.Soc.122,12700(2000).8.V.F.Puntes,K.M.Krishnan,A.P.Alivisatos,Science291,2115(2001).9.V.F.Puntes,D.Zanchet,C.K.Erdonmez,A.P.Alivisatos,J.Am.Chem.Soc.124,12874(2002).10.D.J.Millironetal.,Nature430,190(2004).11.Y.D.Yinetal.,Science304,711(2004).12.V.K.LaMer,R.H.Dinergar,J.Am.Chem.Soc.72,4847(1950).13.H.Reiss,J.Chem.Phys.19,482(1951).14.T.Sugimoto,Adv.ColloidInterfaceSci.28,65(1987).15.D.V.Leff,P.C.Ohara,J.R.Heath,W.M.Gelbart,J.Phys.Chem.B99,7036(1995).16.Y.Chen,E.Johnson,X.Peng,J.Am.Chem.Soc.129,10937(2007).17.Y.A.Yang,H.M.Wu,K.R.Williams,Y.C.Cao,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.44,6712(2005).18.J.F.Banfield,S.A.Welch,H.Z.Zhang,T.T.Ebert,R.L.Penn,Science289,751(2000).19.C.Pacholski,A.Kornowski,H.Weller,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.41,1188(2002).20.J.H.Yuetal.,J.Am.Chem.Soc.127,5662(2005).21.M.Niederberger,H.Colfen,Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys.8,3271(2006).22.M.A.Watzky,E.E.Finney,R.G.Finke,J.Am.Chem.Soc.130,11959(2008).23.M.J.Williamson,R.M.Tromp,P.M.Vereecken,R.Hull,F.M.Ross,Nat.Mater.2,532(2003).24.P.L.Gai,Microsc.Microanal.8,21(2002).25.K.L.Liuetal.,LabChip8,1915(2008).26.N.deJonge,D.B.Peckys,G.J.Kremers,D.W.Piston,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.106,2159(2009).27.MaterialsandmethodsareavailableassupportingmaterialonScienceOnline.28.F.M.Ross,J.Tersoff,R.M.Tromp,Phys.Rev.Lett.80,984(1998).29.J.E.Burke,D.Turnbull,inProgressinMetalPhysics,vol.3(PergamonPress,London,1952),pp.220–292.30.TheauthorswouldliketothankA.MinorandJ.Turnerfortheirhelpwiththeinitialtestsontheliquidcells.ThisprojectissupportedbytheDirector,OfficeofScience,OfficeofBasicEnergySciences,MaterialsSciencesandEngineeringDivisionoftheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyundercontractDE-AC02-05CH11231.SupportingOnlineMaterial*RodneyS.Ruoff1*Graphenehasbeenattractinggreatinterestbecauseofitsdistinctivebandstructureandphysicalproperties.Today,grapheneislimitedtosmallsizesbecauseitisproducedmostlybyexfoliatinggraphite.Wegrewlarge-areagraphenefilmsoftheorderofcentimetersoncoppersubstratesbychemicalvapordepositionusingmethane.Thefilmsarepredominantlysingle-layergraphene,withasmallpercentage(lessthan5%)oftheareahavingfewlayers,andarecontinuousacrosscoppersurfacestepsandgrainboundaries.Thelowsolubilityofcarbonincopperappearstohelpmakethisgrowthprocessself-limiting.Wealsodevelopedgraphenefilmtransferprocessestoarbitrarysubstrates,anddual-gatedfield-effecttransistorsfabricatedonsilicon/silicondioxidesubstratesshowedelectronmobilitiesashighas4050squarecentimeterspervoltpersecondatroomtemperature.Graphene,amonolayerofsp2-bondedcar-bonatoms,isaquasi–two-dimensional(2D)material.Graphenehasbeenattract-inggreatinterestbecauseofitsdistinctivebandstructureandphysicalproperties(1).Today,thesizeofgraphenefilmsproducedislimitedtosmallsizes(usually1000mm2)becausethefilmsareproducedmostlybyexfoliatinggraphite,whichisnotascalabletechnique.Graphenehasalsobeensyn