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:“”(Z95-43-1K)。:,,19497,1990,,。 :0253-2697(2001)04-0087-051 1 1 2(1. 100083;2. 063200):。、。,,,,,,,。;;;,。:垂直钻井;自动控制;钻具组合;井眼轨道;力学分析;井下闭环:TE821 :A,。,,,,[1]。[2]。[3],BAKERHUGHES,,,,[4]。,,[5]。1 Fig.1 Thestructureschematicdrawingoftheautomaticdownholeclosedloopcontrolverticaldrillingtool1 1,,,,。,。,22 420017ACTAPETROLEISINICAVol.22 No.4July2001 2 Fig.2 Thesteeringprincipleschematicdrawingoftheautomaticdownholeclosedloopcontrolverticaldrillingtool,2,,。,,,,。。,,,,,。:,,,,,,。,,,。,3 Fig.3 Thedownholeclosedloopautomaticcontrolflowgraphoftheautomaticdownholeclosedloopcontrolverticaldrillingtool,。3:2 ,,。。,。,。4。4 Fig.4 Thehydraulicpowercontrolflowgraphoftheautomaticdownholeclosedloopcontrolverticaldrillingtool,,。。,。,,,2。。,45°,5。88 2001 22 5 Fig.5 Thesteeringforcedistri-butionschematicdrawingoftheautomaticdownholeclosedloopcontrolverticaldrillingtool3 ,,。。,。,,。,。。。1,T,,,,K。:(1)T≤e(e),,,,。,。(2)Te(e),,K,,,。2,K,1:1 Table1 Theautomaticcontrolwaysoftheautomaticdownholeclosedloopcontrolverticaldrillingtool 1234y1-22.5°K≤22.5°0° 22.5°K≤67.5°45° 67.5°K≤112.5°90°112.5°K≤157.5°135°157.5°K≤202.5°180°202.5°K≤247.5°225°247.5°K≤292.5°270°292.5°K≤337.5°315°,F。,,,,F2F。,22.5°,,0.92F,0.38F。,,,22.5°,,,。4 ,,。,,。,、89 4:6 Fig.6 Thebottomholeassemblyschematicdrawingoftheautomaticdownholeclosedloopcontrolverticaldrillingtool,。6,、、、。,,。4.1 160kN,1.2,,,2、3。2 160kN,5°Table2 Therelationshipbetweenthesteeringforceproducedbytheautomaticdownholeclosedloopcon-trolverticaldrillingtoolandthedroppingforceonthebit(whentheweightonthebitis16kN,theinclinationis5°)(N)0-5000-10000-15000(N)-960-5355-9750-141453 160kN,15°Table3 Therelationshipbetweenthesteeringforceproducedbytheautomaticdownholeclosedloopcon-trolverticaldrillingtoolandthedroppingforceonthebit(whentheweightonthebitis16kN,theincli-nationis15°)(N)0-5000-10000-15000(N)-2548-6943-11338-157332、3,,,5000N,4395N。4.2 ,4、5。4 16kN,5°Table4 Therelationshipbetweenthesteeringforceproducedbytheautomaticdownholeclosedloopcon-trolverticaldrillingtoolandthebittiltangle(theweightonthebitis16kN,theinclinationis5°)(N)0-5000-10000-15000(°)0.050.10.150.25 160kN,15°Table5 Therelationshipbetweenthesteeringforceproducedbytheautomaticdownholeclosedloopcon-trolverticaldrillingtoolandthebittiltangle(theweightonthebitis16kN,theinclinationis15°)(N)0-5000-10000-15000(°)0.10.150.20.254、5,,,5000N,0.05°。4.3 ,50kN200kN,5°,90 2001 22 6 Table6 Thesteeringforcecontrolabilityofthebot-tomholeassemblyinfluencedbytheweightonthebit(kN)50160200(N)-9780-9750-9760-10000N,6。6,。5 1.,,。2.,,。,。3.,,。,。4.,,,,()。5.,,()。,。[1] ,.[M].:,1990:73～98.[2] .[J].,1993,14(4):117～122.[3] OppeltJ,ChurC.Newconceptforverticaldrillingofboreholes[C].SPE21905,1991:1～12.[4] LigroneA,OppeltJ.Thefattestwaytothebottom:straightholedrillingdevice-drillingconcept,designconsiderations,andfieldexperience[C].SPE36826,1996:1～12.[5] ,.[J],,1999,10(5):10～15.(2000-07-03 2000-11-01 )3根据ODS-Petrodata公司的调查统计,近来全球海上钻机利用率达到了近3年来的最高水平。目前全球共有649部海上钻机,而近期由于钻井合同的增加,使钻机利用率也相应提高了0.4%,达到91.0%,在用钻机数达到585部,为1998年8月以来的最高水平。美国墨西哥湾的海上钻机共有211部,目前在用钻机有191部,钻机利用率提高了0.9%,达到90.5%;欧洲海上钻机共有101部,目前有94部在用,钻机利用率稳定在93.1%。《》91 4:thedirpersedchannels,andtheshapeofthechannelcannotbechangedbythefluidsofthewaterfloodpro-cess,therefore,thedistributionoftheporosityisessentiallynotinfluencedbythewaterfloodprocess,eventhoughthepropertiesoftheflanksofchannelscanbechangedinsomeextent..Keywords:stochasticmodelling;parametermodelling;variogramfunction;porosityPETROLEUMENGINEERINGTHESTATUSOFTHEKINETICSOFHYDRATENUCLEATIONSUNChang-yu,etal.(PetroleumUniversity,Beijing102200,China)ACTA2001,22(4):82～86Abstract:Theinfluencesofgashydrateonoilandnaturalgasindustry,environment,climateandenergyaresummarized.Aseriesofmicroscopicmechanismsforhydratenucleation,includingclusternucleationfromliq-uid,interfacialnucleation,stochastichydratenucleationandtheinterfacialclustering,quasi-chemicalreaction,andtwo-stepnucleation,areintroduced.Therelevantmathematicalmodelingandthemeasurementofnucle-ationarealsoreviewed.Eightimportantaspectsforfuturehydratenucleationkineticsresearcharesuggested.Keywords:hydrate;microscopicmechanism;kinetics;nucleation;modelingTHEDESIGNANDCONTROLWAYSOFTHEDOWNHOLEAUTOMATICCLOSEDLOOPOFVERTI-CALDRILLINGTOOLSUYi-nao,etal.(ResearchInstituteofPetroleumExplorationandDevelopment,PetroChina,Beijing100083,China)ACTA2001,22(4):87～91Abstract:InChinatherateofpenetrationisslowandthewellpathishardtokeepstraightifweusethecur-rentdrillingtoolstodrillwellatthehighsteepdipstructure.Forthisreason,authorsdesignedanautomaticdownholeclosedloopofcontrolverticaldrillingtool.Thetoolcomprisesamicroprocessor,aninclinationsen-sorandacontrolledstabilizer.Thestabilizerincludesfourundependablemovableribs,whichwerecontrolledbyhydraulicpower.Whenthewelldeviated,theribatthehighsideofthewellborniscontrolledtomoveout.Thisproducesadropforceonthebittodirectthewelltotheverticalpath.Inthisway,thetoolcankeepthewellverticalautomaticallywithoutthehumanintervention.Thisarticleintroducesthetool'sworkprincipalanditsstructure;Thispape