《BEPS第10项行动计划:关于在全球价值链背景下运用利润分割法的讨论稿(四)》(中英)

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《BEPS第10项行动计划:关于在全球价值链背景下运用利润分割法的讨论稿(四)》(中英)DISCUSSIONDRAFTONTHEUSEOFPROFITSPLITSINTHECONTEXTOFGLOBALVALUECHAINS《BEPS第10项行动计划:关于在全球价值链背景下运用利润分割法的讨论稿(四)》(中英)(不含附件部分)翻译:李敦峰(续)Aligningtaxationwithvaluecreation确保课税与价值创造相匹配33.TheBEPSActionPlanhasasoneofitsthreepillarsensuringthattaxationisalignedwithsubstance,andAction10coveringprofitsplitsfallsundertheheadingofassuringthattransferpricingoutcomesareinlinewithvaluecreation.ThePlannotesthat“therulesshouldbeimprovedtoputmoreemphasisonvaluecreationinhighlyintegratedgroups”.33.BEPS行动计划将确保课税与经济实质相匹配作为其三大支柱之一,且与利润分割法有关的行动10也被归入确保转让定价结果与价值创造相匹配这一标题之下。该行动计划指出,“规则应予以改进,以更加重视高度一体化企业集团的价值创造。”34.Transactionalprofitsplitmethodsmaybeviewedasonemeansofachievingthiscloseralignmentbetweenprofitsandvaluecreation.Inpractice,transactionalprofitsplitmethodsaretypicallyappliedusingoneormoreallocationkeysorfactorstosplittheprofits,basedontheoutcomeofafunctionalanalysisthatdetermineshowvalueiscreatedintheMNEgroup.AstheGuidelinesnote,itisimportantthatfactorsareusedinaneconomicallyvalidwaythatapproximatesthedivisionofprofitsthatwouldhavebeenagreedatarm’slength(seeparagraph2.108)34.交易利润分割法可被看作是实现利润与价值创造更紧密匹配的手段之一。事实上,交易利润分割法特别适用于,根据功能分析的结果(即跨国企业集团是如何创造价值的),运用一种或多种分配标准或因素,以分割利润。正如《转让定价指南》所述,用于分配的因素以一种经济有效的方式近似于按照独立交易原则可达成的利润划分,这一点尤为重要(详见第2.108段)。35.WhiletheGuidelinesstateatparagraph2.135thatthereshouldbea“strongcorrelation”betweentheallocationkeyandthecreationofvalue,acommoncriticismoftransactionalprofitsplitmethodsistheirperceivedsubjectivity:allocationkeyscanbedifficulttoverifyfromobjectiveevidence.35.尽管《转让定价指南》在第2.135段中描述,在分配标准与价值创造之间应有一种“密切的相关性”,但是对于交易利润分割法的一贯批评正是其可预见的主观性,即:分配标准可能难以通过客观证据得以证实。36.Thissectionfocussesonhowtodevelopobjectivityinprofitsplitfactorsinorderthattransferpricingoutcomesarefirmlyalignedwithvaluecreation.Scenario8inalaterpartofthisdocumentcontainsaweightingapproachrelevanttotheissuesinthissection.36.本节主要讨论如何在利润分割因素中彰显其客观性,以使转让定价结果与价值创造严格匹配。在本讨论稿后面的情景8中,包含与本节议题相关的权重。37.Scenario1inthisdiscussiondraftsetsouttheintegratedactivitiesofthreemanufacturingOEMs.Assumefurtherthatthepost-royaltyresidualprofitsorlossesaresplitbetweentheOEMsonthebasisofthreefactors,productioncapacity,headcount,andvalueofproduction.Eachfactorisintendedtoreflectkeyvaluedriversinthebusiness,derivingfromthedetailedfunctionalanalysisofthebusiness.Productioncapacityintendstorecognisethecapitalinvestment,headcountintendstorecognisethekeyinputoflabour,andvalueofproductionintendstorecognisethecontributiontoactualoutput.Thesefactorsarealsothengivenaweighting.37.本讨论稿中的情景1描述了由三家代工企业从事的一体化经营活动。进一步假设,该扣除特许权使用费后的剩余利润(或亏损)按照三项因素进行分割,即:产能、总人数、以及产值。每一项因素均源自于详尽的功能分析,以反映经营活动中的关键价值驱动因素。产能用于区分资本投资,总人数用于区分关键性的劳动力投入,而产值用于区分实际的产出贡献。然后,这些分配因素都将被赋予一个权重。Questions问题22.Inwhatwaysshouldtheguidancebemodifiedtohelpidentifyfactorswhichreflectvaluecreationinthecontextofaparticulartransaction?Arethereparticularfactorswhicharelikelytoreflectvaluecreationinthecontextofaparticularindustryorsector?22.在特定交易背景下,为了有助于确定反映价值创造的因素,该指引应以怎样的方式进行修改?在特定的行业或部门背景下,是否存在可能反映价值创造的特殊因素?23.Whatguidanceisneededonweightingoffactors?23.需要怎样的因素加权指引?

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