清末放垦蒙地的实质及其对蒙古经济社会发展的影响

473Vol147No1320075JilinUniversityJournalSocialSciencesEditionMay,2007(,510521)[]20,,,,,,,,,[];;;[]K252[]A[]025722834(2007)0320081206[]2006-05-20[](1960-),,,,[1]589,,,,[2];,[3];,[4]194,,19021908,,,,:,1840,,,,,,(1635),,,,,,(1698),:,,,,,[5]191,:,,,,[6]348,,,,,18©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[5]180,,,,,,,,,1960,,(1880),[7]2,[1]373,(1897),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,19,,1898,,,,,,[1]457,,,,,,,,[8]40,,,,(1901),,,(1902),,:,,,[9],19011,,,,:[1]589,:,,,,,,,,,,28©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[8]41,,,[1]589,,,8.4,330010,8.7[10],(),,,3601.6[11],1908,670[8]42,,,,,,:,,19021908,,,,,,,,,,[4]194,,,,,,,,:,,[12]37,,,,,,,,[13],,,1903,1908,41[12]37,,,,,,,,1905331,,:,,,,,[14]:,,,,,,1912,87,155,19,103,100[15],55,,,,,38©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[16],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,()[17],,,,,,48©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[18]1934:,,,,,,,,[19],,,,1955195919601962,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[20],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,58©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[][1][M]..:,1987.[2].[J].,1986(5):55-60.[3].[J].,1986(3):37-42.[4].?[M]//:3.:,1989.[5][M]..:,1985.[6][M]..:,1986.[7][M].:,1990.[8].:1()[M].:,1984.[9].:[M].:,1959:1327.[10],,.:5()[M].:,2002:131.[11].[M]//:1.:,1982.[12].[M].:,2004.[13].18[M].:,1999:267.[14].:102[M].:,1974.[15].19[J].,2004(7):26-29.[16].[J].,1994(1):84-88.[17].[J].,2005(2):52-57.[18].[J].,2004(1):10-15.[19].[M].:,1934:57.[20].[M]..:[],1915:18.[:]TheEssenceofAssartingMongolianLandintheLateQingDynastyandItsImpactontheDevelopmentofMongolianEconomySocietyZHANGXiu2hua(DepartmentofSocialSciences,GuangDongUniversityofFinance,Guangzhou510521,China)Abstract:Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,theQinggovernmentwasconfrontedwithbothdomestictroublesandforeigninvasion.Thefinanceofthegovernmentwastrappedintoseverecrisis.Undersuchcircumstances,theassartofMongolianlandinthelateQingdynastywasactuallyaimedatcollectingthewealthofMongolianpeopletofillthenationaltreasury.TheessenceofsuchapolicydeterminedthattheassartofMongolianlandinthelateQingdynastyhadbroughtmainlynegativeeffectstothedevelopmentofMongolianeconomysociety.Keywords:thelateQingdynasty;theassartofMongolianland;settlers;Mongolia68©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.