就近原则:1.Therebe句型Thereisabookandsomepencilsonthedesk.=Therearesomepencilsandabookonthedesk.2.neither...nor...Neitheryounorheisright.=Neitherhenoryouareright.3.either...or...EithertheyorJimisgoingtoShanghainextSaturday.=EitherJimortheyaregoingtoshanghainextSaturday.4.notonly...butalso...NotonlyAnnbutalsoherparentsstayathomeeverySunday.=NotonlyAnn'sparentsbutalsoshestaysathomeeverySunday.就近原则有一类连接词,其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。此类连接词有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except(but),including等。例如:Tracy,likemanygirls,lovesdancing.特蕾西像很多女孩一样,喜欢跳舞。Allthestudents,includingTom,areleaving.所有的学生,包括汤姆都走了。Nooneexcept(but)meknowsaboutthisnews.除了我没有人知道就远原则代表词汇:aswellas;(together/along)with;ratherthan;except;besides;but;including;inadditionto;apartfromE.G:HeratherthanIisright.Nobodybuttwostudentsisintheclassroom.就远原则①Whathedoesorwhathesaysdoesnotconcernme.他的行为或言谈都与我无关。②NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都没错。③Notyoubutyourfatheristoblame.不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。④Notonlyyouhut(also)heiswrong.不仅你错了,他也错了。哪些结构作主语采用就近原则由or,either…or,neither…or,not…but…,notonly…butalso等连接的并列成分作主语时,其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致。如:HeorIaminthewrong,他或是我错了。Neitheryounorheistired.你和他都没累。NotyoubutIamtoblame.不该怪你而该怪我。Eithermyfatherormybrothersarecoming.不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisenjoyingthefilm.不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片,他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。但在非正式文体中,有时也一律用复数谓语(注:在考试时最好避免使用)。如:NeitherTednorMarkarewrong.特德和马克都没有错。IfeitherDavidorJanetcome,theywillwantadrink.大卫或珍妮特来了的话,是会要喝酒的。哪些结构作主语采用就远原则当用作主语的成分后面跟有由but,except,besides,including,like,with,aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,inadditionto,combinedwith,ratherthan,togetherwith等引出的短语时,谓语动词习惯上要与这些结构前面的主语保持一致(即与比较远的那个主语保持一致,简称“就远原则”)。如:Everybodyexceptyouisdownonme.除了你,大家都看不起我。Awomanwithtwochildrenhascome.一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。John,ratherthanhisroommates,istoblame.约翰,而不是他的室友,应该受到责备。Jim,togetherwithhisclassmates,hasseenthefilm.吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。Myfather,nolessthanI,isabase-ballfan.我的父亲不亚于我也是个棒球迷。Theson,aswellashisparents,wantstogothere.不但儿子想去那儿,而且他的父母也想去。Theteacher,aswellasthestudents,isinterestedintheactivity.老师也和同学们一样对这项活动有兴趣。就远原则:谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇:aswellas;(together/along/combined)with;ratherthan;except;besides;but;including;inadditionto;apartfrom,like,asmuchas,nolessthan,E.G:Nobodybuttwostudentsisintheclassroom.除了这两个学生,没有人在教室Everybodyexceptyouisdownonme.除了你,大家都看不起我。Awomanwithtwochildrenhascome.一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。John,ratherthanhisroommates,istoblame.约翰,而不是他的室友,应该受到责备。Jim,togetherwithhisclassmates,hasseenthefilm.吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。Myfather,nolessthanI,isabase-ballfan.我的父亲不亚于我也是个棒球迷。Theson,aswellashisparents,wantstogothere.不但儿子想去那儿,而且他的父母也想去。Theteacher,aswellasthestudents,isinterestedintheactivity.老师也和同学们一样对这项活动有兴趣。就远原则①Whathedoesorwhathesaysdoesnotconcernme.他的行为或言谈都与我无关。②NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都没错。③Notyoubutyourfatheristoblame.不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。④Notonlyyouhut(also)heiswrong.不仅你错了,他也错了。就近原则,就是谓语动词的形式要和最近的主语一致没有就远原则,其实你的意思也就是谓语动词的变化吧如果是Iandhearegoingtothepark谓语is要变成are,因为主语是我和他如果是Iwithhim就要用am了,主语是I还原句子:Iamgoingtotheparkwithhimunderstand?祝你学习进步!就近原则:也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity),即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。I.在正式文体中:1.由下列词语连接的并列主语:therebe+句型;or;either…or;nor;neither…nor;whether…or;not…but;notonly…butalso;等。e.g.①Whathedoesorwhathesaysdoesnotconcernme.他的行为或言谈都与我无关。②NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都没错。③Notyoubutyourfatheristoblame.不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。④Notonlyyoubut(also)heiswrong.不仅你错了,他也错了。2.在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g.①Inthedistancewasheardtheclappingofhandsandtheshoutsofthepeople.在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。②Thereis(are)apenandsomebooksonthedesk.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。II.非正式文体中:有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g.NeithershenorIwerethere(意义一致)我和他当时都不在那儿。(非正式)NeithershenorIwasthere.(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式)但是,如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e.g.Nooneexcepthisownsupportersagreewithhim.仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。(依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则;但语法上,“Noone”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。就远原则谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇:aswellas;(together/along)with;ratherthan;except;besides;but;including;inadditionto;apartfrome.g:HeratherthanIisright.Nobodybuttwostudentsisintheclassroom.