工业工程专业英语-周跃进

Chapter1IntroductiontoIndustrialEngineeringUnit1IntroductiontoIEUnit2HistoryofIEUnit3AcademicDisciplinesofIEUnit4DevelopmentofIEOriginandDefinitionofIndustrialEngineeringManufacturingServicesOriginofIEDefinitionofIEManufacturingManufacturingisdefinedasmakingofarticlesbyphysicallaborormachinery,especiallyonalargescale.byphysicallabor:apersonwithhandtoolsusedcraftskillstomakeobjects.bymachinery:ithasplayedanincreasingrole.onalargescale:withthemassproductionServicesHealth-caredeliverysystemsTransportationsystemsGovernmentsBanksDepartmentsandsupermarketsCharacteristicsofServicesProductsareintangibleCloselycontactwithcustomersHighintensive-laborDifficulttoevaluateperformanceDifficulttocontrolqualityofservicesOriginalofIndustrialEngineeringEngineeringScienceIndustryEngineeringEngineeringisconcernedwiththeapplicationofscientificknowledgetothesolutionofproblemsandtothequestfora“betterlife.”e.g.:theEgyptPyramids,theGreatWall,theRomanconstructionCivilChemicalElectricalIndustrialMechanicalMilitaryManufacturingNuclearElectronicComputerAeronauticalAstronauticalBioengineeringAgricultural/OceanScienceScienceisconcernedwiththequestforbasicknowledge.e.g.:MathematicsPhysicsChemistryBiologySocialscience(Behaviorscience,psychology,philosophy,sociology)EngineeringandScienceEngineeringandsciencehavedevelopedinaparallel,complementaryfashion,althoughnotalwaysatthesamepace.Obviously,knowledgecannotbeapplieduntilitisdiscovered,andoncediscovered,itwillsoonbeputtouse.Initseffortstosolveproblems,engineeringprovidesfeedbacktoscienceinareaswherenewknowledgeisneeded.Thus,scienceandengineeringworkhandinhand.ModerneraofengineeringBeginningin1750,EngineeringschoolsappearedinFranceintheeighteenthcentury.Thetermcivilengineerwasfirstusedin1750militaryengineeringcivilengineeringmechanicalengineering:steamengineelectricalscience:electricityandmagnetismDefinitionofIndustrialEngineeringIndustrialengineeringisconcernedwiththedesign,improvement,andinstallationofintegratedsystemsofpeople,materials,information,equipment,andenergy.Itdrawsuponspecializedknowledgeandskillinthemechanical,physical,andsocialsciencestogetherwiththeprinciplesandmethodsofengineeringanalysisanddesigntospecify,predict,andevaluate,theresultstobeobtainedfromsuchsystemsUnderstandingthedefinitionofIEIndustrial:anyorganizationintegratedsystems:afactory,acityspecializedknowledge:mechanical,physical,andsocialsciences,theprinciplesandmethodsofengineeringanalysisObjectives:tospecify,predict,andevaluate,theresultstobeobtainedfromsuchsystemsUnderstandingthedefinitionofIEDisciplinecharacter:Engineeringtech.Researchobject:systems(macro/micro)Theory&methods:mathematics,naturalsciencesandsocialsciencesObjectives&tasks:effectiveness&efficiencyUnit2HistoryofIndustrialEngineeringFormulationofIndustrialEngineeringCharlesBabbage(巴贝奇，1792-1871)Britishmathematicianandinventorofananalyticalmachinebasedonprinciplessimilartothoseusedinmoderndigitalcomputers.Divisionoflabor,laborrelationsFormulationofIndustrialEngineeringEliWhitney(1765-1825)Americaninventorandmanufacturerwhoseinventionofthecottongin(1793)revolutionizedthecottonindustry.Healsoestablishedthefirstfactorytoassemblemusketswithinterchangeableparts,markingtheadventofmodernmassproduction.Massproductionsystem,interchangeablemanufacture;thedesignandconstructionofnewmachinesFormulationofIndustrialEngineeringFrederickWinslowTaylor(泰勒，1856-1915)Americaninventor,engineer,andefficiencyexpertnotedforhisinnovationsinindustrialengineeringandmanagement.Analyzeandimprovethemethodofperformingwork,reducethetimesrequired,andsetstandards(timestudy)ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement(1911)FormulationofIndustrialEngineeringFrankB.Gilbreth(吉尔布雷斯，1868-1924)theidentification,analysis,andmeasurementoffundamentalmotionsinvolvedinperformingwork（motionstudy)Thiswasafundamentalstepinthedevelopmentofindustrialengineeringasprofessionbasedon“science”ratherthan“art.”FormulationofIndustrialEngineeringDr.LillianGilbreth(1878-1972),wifeofFrank.Shewitnessedandcontributedtothebirth,growth,andmaturationoftheIEprofession.thefirstladyofengineeringthefirstwomantobeelectedtotheNationalAcademyofEngineeringFormulationofIndustrialEngineeringHenryLaurenceGantt(1861-1919)AmericanengineerGanttchartTheGanttchartwasasignificantcontributioninthatitprovidedasystematicgraphicalprocedureforpreplanningandschedulingworkactivities,reviewingprogress,andupdatingtheschedule.Ganttchartsarestillinwidespreadusetoday.FormulationofIndustrialEngineeringW.A.ShewhartDevelopedthefundamentalprinciplesofstatisticalqualitycontrolin1924.Thiswasanotherimportantdevelopmentinprovidingascientificbasetoindustrialengineeringpractice.FormulationofIndustrialEngineeringManyotherindustrialengineeringpioneerscontributedtotheearlydevelopmentoftheprofession.Duringthe1920sand1930smuchfundamentalworkwasdoneoneconomicaspectsofmanagerialdecisions,inventoryproblems,incentiveplans,factorylayoutproblems,materialhandlingproblems,andprinciplesoforganization.ScientificmanagementPeterDruckersystematicworkstudyChronolo