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UnitTwomuddensitydevice泥浆密度显示器LessonFouraid…in有助于…CasingandCementingmud-outsensor返出泥浆比重传感器growsophisticated变得成熟mud-insensor入井泥浆比重传感器insearchofnewoilreservoir寻找新的油层plain-endpipe无螺纹平头钢管cementingprocedureshavebeenrefinedoutsidediameter外径固井工序已经改进looseformation松散地层datefrom起源于settingdepthofsurfacecasingmixcementslurry混合水泥浆表层套管的下入深度additives添加剂oilstring=productionstring油层;生产套管bulk-cementhandling散装水泥处理tubing油管cementblendsaretailoredforspecificjobpressure-tightbond抗压密封胶结水泥配制成适合特殊的工作developintoablowout发展成井喷waiting-on-cementtime水泥候凝时间guardagainst防止squeezecementing挤水泥protectionstring=saltstringplugperforations堵孔保护套管=盐层套管shutoffwater封隔水层sealoffweakzones封隔脆弱地层gainwidespreadengineeringattentionrupture破裂;裂开得到工程部门的广泛注意saltoranhydriteformationarbitrary任意的盐层或硬石膏岩层compulsory强制的pipestickingorkeyseats卡钻或键槽onaccountof考虑overlapping覆盖mortarbox混合箱hangerdevice悬挂器dumpbailer倾桶tension拉伸力plug水泥塞collapse外挤力forcecementslurryoutofthecasingstringburstpressure内压力把套管里的水泥浆强行压出来downwardpull下拉力lessencontamination减少污染assureanadequatemarginofsafetydisplacementfluid驱替液保证足够的安全余量preventcave-inorwashoutoftheholehydrostaticpressure静液压力防止井壁坍塌或被水刺pipeintension受拉套管confineproductiontothewellborepipeincompression受压套管只许在井眼里产油outofround失圆artificialliftequipment机械采油设备diminish减少;变小requirethreeconcentricstringsofcasinggradient梯度需要三窜同心套管shut-insurfacepressure地面关井压力conductorpipe导管burststrength抗内压强度surfacecasing表层套管bucklingstress弯曲应力productioncasing油层套管axialcompression轴向压缩intermediatecasing中间套管torsion扭矩linerstring衬管柱abruptdeviation偏斜角度陡急completionofthewell完井marshyterrain沼泽地piledriver打桩机geothermal地热的defect缺陷steaminjection注蒸汽采油stressconcentration应力集中equivalent相等的ultimatefailure最终破裂;失效packer封隔器seams裂缝assumeimportance显得重要flaws裂纹;伤痕solvent溶剂magnetic-particle磁粒子探伤dilute稀释electromagnetic电磁探伤layaside放到一边ultrasonicinspection超声波探伤检查beconducivetorusting易…生锈proof-testing验收实验becoatedwithalayerofoildriftdiameter通经;油层套管直径涂一层油passunobstructed无阻碍地通过standoffofamill-installedcouplingmaximumdiameterofmandrel工厂安装的接箍余扣最大芯轴直径steeltapegraduatedinfeet,tenthsofafootovalness椭圆有英尺,十分之一尺刻度的钢卷尺economicgains经济效益tallysheet计数表multizoneproduction多层产油firstscratchoftherun-outthreadremedialwork补救工作第一道螺尾处accommodatethenecessarytoolsextreme-linecasing无接箍套管能放进必要的工具errorsofaddition加法错误reconditionedcasing修整过的套管measurementortallyofthepipepiperack管架套管的丈量或点数pipeisdentedorscarred套管受伤verifycasingdepth核实套管下入深度putaside放在一边conversely相反地fabricatedbucketsleaveoutajoint少下一根套管工厂制造的吊卸用的护丝短节commonsenseprocedures常用程序pipeshouldnotbeshock-loadedshipper运输公司套管不能承受冲击负荷balanceremaining余额besuperiorto比…高级;好formanobstruction形成障碍spacersorstringers隔梁;板条lightweightfillingline轻型灌注软管rollthepipetothecatwalk滚动到坡道上quick-openingvalve快开阀besusceptibleto易受…伤害automaticfill-upequipmentbounce弹跳自动灌注设备crossoverlengths变换接头;短节thevolumeofexternaldiameter外径体积missplacedjoint套管接错位置displacementvolumeofthecasinghand-tight手上紧的程度套管的替换体积handling-tight夹具上紧的mudreturns泥浆返出量mill-endthreads带有接箍的套管螺纹breakcirculation打通循环,开始循环isopropylalcohol异丙醇minimizethepressuresurgesmethanol甲醇减少压力波动111-trichloroethane三氯乙烷withstandthedragforce承受拖拉力sub-freezingtemperature冰冻温度scratcher刮泥器kerosine煤油centralizer扶正器aquick-releasetypeofthreadprotectorreciprocation上下;往复快速松扣型护丝stab插入;对扣foulthethreads弄脏丝扣pickupline提升绳galling粘扣sliploop活结绳套formacompleteseal形成完全密封hold-backrope档绳zinc锌flatteningtest压扁实验graphite石墨produceafiberstress产生纤维应力thread-lockingcompound锁紧丝扣油buttressthreads梯形扣preventjointback-off防止接头倒开roundthreads圆扣stabbingboard对扣台;二层台leakproof防漏impair削弱microannulus微环空becross-threaded错扣increaseturbulence增加涡流powertong动力钳plugback回堵spinningrope旋扣绳ample充足的;丰富threadmake-uptorque丝扣上紧扭矩humicacid腐植酸safetyclamp安全夹phosphates磷酸盐boxprotector母接头护丝tannates丹宁酸盐collaredpipe带接箍的套管thinners降粘剂elevatorplug吊卡提升短节pumppriming灌满泵landingthecasing坐定套管allowance余量casinghanger套管悬挂器water-cementratio水-灰比seatinthecasinghead坐在套管头里hydraulicjetmixer水力喷嘴混合器slackoff松驰thethroatofthehopper漏斗的喉道sealtheannulus封固环空intermingle…with与…混合beconcernedwith关心spotchecks抽样检查load-carryingcapacity载荷能力sumptub储集池takeapull-upstrain上提recirculatingmixer循环式混合器yieldstrength屈服强度eductor喷射管pullapart拉开;拉裂agitatingjet搅拌喷嘴belaterallysupported套管外被水泥封固batchmixer批量混合器downholehanger井下悬挂器mixingchamber混合腔室seamlesspipe无缝钢管flushingagents洗井液billet钢坯retardorprecludecementsettingpierce穿孔延迟或防碍水泥凝固rollers轧辊aceticacid醋酸streightenthepipe校直套管corrosioninhibitor防腐剂designate指明surfactant表面活化剂conform…to符合hydrochloricacid盐酸elasticmaterial弹性材料cementinghead=plugcontainer水泥头tensilestrength抗拉强度bottomwiperplug底部水泥塞longitudinalstress纵向应力topwiperplug顶部水泥塞tearapart撕裂;撕开rupturethediaphragm压裂隔膜elongation拉长retainerpin固定销casingaccessory套管附件bleedoffthepressure释放压力plainguideshoe普通引鞋bulge膨胀;凸出combinationfloatandguideshoedisplacethecementoutthecasing带浮鞋型引鞋把水泥从套管中驱替出去automaticfill-upguideshoebellnipple井口喇叭口自动灌注型引鞋flexingofthepipe套管弯曲floatvalve=back-pressurevalvecementpumpingoperationsareinprogress浮阀=回压阀注水泥作业正在进行differentialfill-upshoe差压灌注型引鞋adverseeffectscanbeavoidedthecasingstringlengthens负面影响可以避免套管柱加长tackweld点焊;定位焊regulatetheamountoffluidinthecassingthetopofthecementbehindthecasing调节套管柱里的液体量套