教学法-pair-work-and-group-work

Unit5andUnit8PairWorkandGroupWork•Distinctions•1.taskforpairworkisshorterthanthatofgroupwork•2.linguisticallysimple•3.quitecontrolledintermsofthestructureoftask•Activitiesappropriateforpairwork①practicingdialogues②simplequestionsandanswerquestions③quickbrainstorming④checkwrittenworkwitheachother⑤preparationformergingintoalargergroup⑥...•Activitiesappropriateforgroupwork①games②role-playandsimulations③projects④interview⑤brainstorming⑥informationgap⑦problem-solvinganddecision-making⑧opinionchanges⑨...Advantagesofgroupwork1.Itgeneratesinteractivelanguage2.Itoffersanembracingaffectiveclimate3.Itpromoteslearnerresponsibilityandautonomy4.Itisasteptowardindividualizinginstruction•TeacherrolesMonitorofstudentlearning,motivator,organizerorcontrollerofstudentbehavior,providerofaccuratelanguagemodels,counselorandfriend,needsanalyst,materialdeveloper,evaluator,activityparticipant,etc.•Teacherrolesarerelatedtothefollowingissues:①thetypesoffunctionsteachersareexpectedtofulfill;②thedegreeofcontroltheteacherhasoverhowlearningtakesplace;③thedegreetowhichtheteacherisresponsiblefordeterminingthecontentofwhattobetaught;④theinteractionalpatternsthatdevelopbetweenteachersandlearners.Factorsthatinfluencevocabularymemorization•1.Repetition•2.Spacing:thetimebetweenwecomebacktothevocabulary•3.Use:Ifwedon’tuseit,weloseit.•4.Personalorganizing:Ifthestudentsdecidetohowtostorethevocabulary,nottheteacher,itwillbemoreeffective.•5.Mnemonics[ni:'mɔnik]:anystrategiesthestudentscanusetolinkwiththewordtheyarememorizing.•6.Attention/arousal:anythingthatshocksusinsomewaywouldbemorememorable.•7.Retrieval:Notjustcomebackbuttrytocoverornotlookatpartofthewordandtrytoremembertheotherparts.•8.Pacing•9.CognitiveDepth:anythingthatcanmakeyouthinkofthewords.Putthewordsinorderoftheirimportance.Makethedecisionofthewords.Factorsthatinfluencevocabularymemorization•10.Imaging:waysofmakingthestudentsimagine,anywaysthatmakethestudentslinkthewordtheyremember.•11.Motivation:theywilllearnwordstheythinktheyareimportantmoreeasily.•12.AffectiveDepth:wordsthatcanlinktoouremotionandevenmoveus.“KnowingaWord”maymean:1)Recognizeitinitsspokenorwrittenform;2)Recallitatwill;3)Relateittoanappropriateobjectorconcept;4)Useitintheappropriategrammaticalform;5)Inspeech,pronounceitinarecognizableway;6)Inwriting,spellitcorrectly;7)Useitwiththewordsitcorrectlygoeswith,i.e.inthecorrectcollocation;8)Useitattheappropriatelevelofformality;9)Beawareofitsconnotationsandassociations.--Wallace,1982Stepsofguessingmeaningfromcontext1.Lookattheunknownwordanddecidewhatpartofspeechitis—noun,verb,adjective,adverb.2.Lookattheimmediatecontextoftheword,thatis,howdoesitrelatetothewordsaroundit?3.Lookatthewidercontextoftheword,thatis,howdoestheclauseitoccursinrelatetotheprecedingandfollowingclauses?4.Guessthemeaningoftheword.5.Checkwhetheryourguessisrightornot.a.Isthepartofspeechofyourguessthesameasthatoftheunkownword?b.Replacetheunknownwordwithyourguess.c.Lookattheformoftheword.Doesitcontainanyfamiliarparts?d.Lookupthewordinadictionary.(PaulNation,2007)