CATERPILLARPRODUCTIONSYSTEM(CPS)Caterpillar:ConfidentialGreenCPSBLACKBELT05–价值流程图IT’SOURTURN…CPSBLACKBELTCaterpillar:ConfidentialGreen2目的本章结束时,你将能够:定义价值流和价值流程图识别价值流程图的4个区域认识主要的图标计算节拍时间列举建立价值流程图的10个步骤IT’SOURTURN…CPSBLACKBELTCaterpillar:ConfidentialGreen3什么是价值流程图(VSM)?价值流所有活动…使产品从概念到推出、从订单到交付的必需行动…包括处理客户信息的活动,以及将产品按客户需求进行改造的活动。价值流图一个简单图表,表示物流和信息流中使产品从订单到交付需要的每个步骤。当前VSM遵循产品从订单到交付的路径,以确定当前条件。未来VSM实施在当前价值流图中确定的改进机会,以在将来实现更高水平的绩效。IT’SOURTURN…CPSBLACKBELTCaterpillar:ConfidentialGreen4价值流程图-CPS指导原则“消除浪费”–有助于识别浪费和浪费的根源“价值流管理”-能清楚的显示可以改进的区域“从客户的角度出发”-提供从前后贯穿的视角(产品,服务或业务过程),始于客户,终于客户。“可视化管理”-提供一个形象的图形来建立共同的景象。IT’SOURTURN…CPSBLACKBELTCaterpillar:ConfidentialGreen5“绘制你的价值流程图”VideoPlayVideoIT’SOURTURN…CPSBLACKBELTCaterpillar:ConfidentialGreen6标准的价值流程图VSM布局将不连续的流重点标记出来找出物料流和信息流交互的地方将浪费和有改进机会的区域重点标记出来供应商生产控制客户物料流信息流浪费浪费过程IT’SOURTURN…CPSBLACKBELTCaterpillar:ConfidentialGreen7从头到尾聚焦一个单一产品,过程或服务。选择一个产品族理解当前正在发生什么。信息物料交互绘制当前的情景设计一个精益的价值流:建立一个你想要达到的理想状态使之成为现实设计将来的状态建立一个实施计划来达到理想状态计划和实施关键步骤IT’SOURTURN…CPSBLACKBELTCaterpillar:ConfidentialGreen8VSM创建–10步定义客户需求1.识别过程步骤,根据库存来分配过程2.收集过程数据3.收集库存数据4.确定外部的物料流5.确定信息流和内部物料流6.绘制时间线,比较有价值时间和没有价值时间10.建立节拍时间/周期时间柱线图9.计算交货期7.计算节拍时间8.资源:学会去看-价值流程图来增加价值和消除浪费。CPS价值流程转换方法(8-10)步骤。IT’SOURTURN…CPSBLACKBELTCaterpillar:ConfidentialGreen9第三步:收集过程数据…过程数据包括:可利用的时间周期时间换型时间正常运行时间班次关键或瓶颈工序批次数量操作工数IT’SOURTURN…CPSBLACKBELTCaterpillar:ConfidentialGreen10第四步:收集库存数据计算价值流中的库存数量:Fromdocktodock(starttoend)门到门过程之间在返工和维修区域包括标准库(维持流的仓库)包括未运输的成品IT’SOURTURN…CPSBLACKBELTCaterpillar:ConfidentialGreen11第六步:确定信息流和内部物料流由以下部分组成:订单预测生产计划信息流根据推动或拉动分类推动生产:根据计划生产,不关注客户是否需求。拉动生产:.拉动生产:只生产客户实际需求的。物料流IT’SOURTURN…CPSBLACKBELTCaterpillar:ConfidentialGreen12有价值的960minutes没有价值的10days交期计算示例:定义每天的产品:根据节拍时间,每天生产0.2个产品根据产品转化成天数(或其他时间):2个产品除以0.2个/天=10天的有价值库存第七步:计算和绘制交货期过程交期用于汇总和计算总队价值流交期。.时间在图的底部按梯形绘制-时间线。过程数据中的周期时间显示了增值时间。累加上面的时间看是否和周期时间相同。累加下面的时间,看是否和物料在过程中流动的时间相同。TotalCycleTime=70.0daysValueAddTime=13.0daysIT’SOURTURN…CPSBLACKBELTCaterpillar:ConfidentialGreen13有价值的960minutes没有价值的10days周期效率(CE)计算:增值时间比例(VA)和总的周期时间(TCT)比较.CE=VA/TCT第七步:计算和绘制交期(cont’d)总的增值时间是过程箱里的总周期时间的和(时间线下面的时间之和)增值时间内也有可能包含浪费。它代表了我们实际工作在制造产品的时间。总周期时间代表我们制造这个产品整个价值流的时间包括中间的无价值时间。增值时间是用秒和分钟来统计的,而总周期时间是用天来统计的。CE=13.0days/70.0day=18.5%TotalCycleTime=70.0daysValueAddTime=13.0daysIT’SOURTURN…CPSBLACKBELTCaterpillar:ConfidentialGreen14第七步:计算和绘制交期(续)0Pipelayer0Pipelayer0Pipelayer0Pipelayer12Pipelayer0.0min0.0min0.0min0.0min27,600.0min480.0min630.0min240.0min120.0min30.0minPaintBlackIronPrep&StencilBox&PackLoadTractorPipelayerCustomerPipelayerModel572CurrentDemand:1perweekFutureDemand:2perweekSupplierWWinchMachineAssemblerMaterialHandlerPipelayerInc.WarehousePLIPipelayermaterialsarenotstoredtogetherinthesameareaandstoredthroughoutthewarehouse.5machines-worthofproductWarehousePLIOffsiteWarehousePipelayerPartsForemanForemanTelephoneTelephoneStallBuiltMachine1Operator&3Trainee抯3of4StallsinuseAlltimesrepresentthe572collectedusinginterviewsanddemonstratedproductiontimescollectedbyPLIin19994typesofblocks10X15396873X1K5741MiscParts5finished4readyforblast4tobefabricatedNocompletesetsofhoses3Fullwinchesandpieceparts2Machine6Completeframesandpieceparts2Bumpers2Cylinders1Hframew/weightsfoundoutsideLimitedto1fixture,1blastshop,sharedresourcewithinspection,materialhandlers,andachangeoverforstepspriortotheweld1Ladder9StepsRejectedladderpiecepartsTelephoneCatJolietCylindersSupplierXBoomTubePipelayerOrderTrackTypeTractorPLIOrderSchedulingEPS/MRPTTTOperationsGroupPipelayer/AttachmentMSOviaFaxFRACS-FactoryRptg&CtrlSys.DemandDemandDemandCallforBillofLadingCenterFrameFabricatedbyPLItriggeredviaFirmOrder/PipelayerMSO(3.5Weeks)DemandPLIProductionControlOrderfromMSOPLISuppliersMaterialHandlerForemanForemanAssemblerS&OPIfpartsarenotavailableonsecondshift,theassemblermustfetchthemfromthewarehouseWilson抯onlyI0TestStallBuild#ofOper.0CT60minC/O10minAvail460minUptime100%I0BumperStallBuild#ofOper.0CT20minC/O10minAvail460minUptime100%I0LadderStallBuild#ofOper.0CT165minC/O10minAvail460minUptime100%I0DrawBarHitchStallBuild#ofOper.0CT150minC/O20minAvail460minUptime100%I0CoverGroupStallBuild#ofOper.0CT150minC/O10minAvail460minUptime100%I0Wash&DryFinish&Ship#ofOper.1CT360minC/O10minAvail460minUptime100%I0PaintFinish&Ship#ofOper.1CT480minC/O10minAvail460minUptime100%I0BlackIronFinish&Ship#ofOper.1CT630minC/O30minAvail460minUptime100%I0Prep&StencilFinish&Ship#ofOper.1CT240minC/O15minAvail460minUptime100%I0Box&PackFinish&Ship#ofOper.1CT120minC/O0minAvail460minUptime100%CustomerDemandoS&OPprocessfeedsExecutiveProductionScheduleoEPSmaintainsarolling4to6monthofmaterialacquisitiondemand(4foreachmodel).oScheduledMachineShippingOrdersareusedtofirmupdemandoNoactiontakenbyPLIuntilMSOisreceivedoAnnualBusinessPlanshows110unitdemandoCurrentproductionis1unitperweekwithrampupto2perweekinthefuturestateoCurrentcustomerdemandis1unitperweekwithrampupto2perweekforthe572modelinthefuturestateoCustomerresponsetimeis10businessdays(2weeks)oDemandcanincrease?machineovernormaldemand25%ofthetime(historic