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中文摘要区域经济发展一直是讨论的热点问题之一，作为区域经济增长极最重要的经济功能载体作用日趋重要，港口与所在地区、腹地经济存在以港兴城，港为城用，港以城兴，港城相长，衰荣共济的紧密的相互依存、互联互动的关系。因此促进港口经济协调发展对推动区域经济乃至带动国民经济健康发展具有着重要意义。为加强国家对港口规划和建设的管理，保障国家经济和社会全面、协调、可持续发展，交通部将全国沿海港口划分为5个港口群体。其中环渤海港口环渤海地区港口群体又可细分为辽宁、津冀和山东沿海３大港口群，大陆海岸线占全国的33%。依托东北三省和蒙东地区、京津冀等华北地区的山东及河南等中原省市，服务范围广泛，交通运输网络完善，处理好环渤海地区港口间的竞争与合作能更好地促进区域经济的发展。但目前环渤海港口群之间在多层次和多领域上存在着激烈的竞争，并且地方政府出于各种原因在促进港口经济合作方面存在很大盲区。但环渤海地区港口群间仍存在坚实的合作基础，从一定意义上说是合作大于竞争。因此，需要政府打破传统的行政区划概念，搭建合作平台引导合作，改革原有思路主动搭建合作的平台，营造合作的环境，从公共选择角度重塑政府。首先根据决策的结果取决于决策的规则，需要完善立法，即加强港口立法，进一步深化政府机构改革，理顺港口管理体制。同时用法律法规形式规范行业协会、商会和其他社会组织的作用。其次，摒弃特殊利益集团，做好港口统一规划、推进港口一体化进程。最后，建立高层合作机制，树立科学政绩观在建立政府间的高层合作机制和改革传统绩效观念，从科学发展的角度评价政府绩效。需要港口企业建立有效的合作机制，形成联合优势。具体来说，首先要在港口群间建立和完善跨区域口岸合作的机构和机制，成立跨区域管理机构并完善机制，并且不断推进港口群信息化有效共享平台的建设。其次，发挥两大保税港区辐射优势，形成联合竞争优势。最后，开展货物中转联合运输，共同打造服务品牌。关键词：环渤海港口港口经济公共选择区域经济政策AbstractThedevelopmentoftheregionaleconomyhasalwaysbeenoneofthehotquestions,andtheport,functioningasthemostimportanteconomiccarrieroftheregionaleconomyhasbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.Thereexistinterdependentandinteractiverelationsbetweentheportandtheregioninwhichtheportislocatedandthehinterland'seconomy.Therefore,topromotethecoordinateddevelopmentoftheport'seconomyiscriticaltothepromotionoftheregionaleconomyandevenishelpfultodrivethenationaleconomy.Inordertostrengthenthenationaladministrationoftheplanningandconstructionoftheport,andtoensurethecomprehensive,coordinatedandsustainabledevelopmentofthenationaleconomy,MinistryofCommunicationsdividescoastalportsintofivegroups.Amongthem,thegrouparoundBohaiseaareacanbesubdividedinto3sub-groupsincludingLiaoning,TianjinandHebeiandShangdong.Thecontinentalcoastallinetakes33%ofthetotalcoastallineinChina.RelyingonLiaoning,Helongjiang,Jiling,theeastpartofInnerMongolia,Beijing,Tianjin,Hebei,ShandongandHenan,portsaroundBohaiseaareacouldprovideafullrangeofserviceandtheperfecttransportationsystem.Butthereexistsmulti-layercompetitionindifferentfieldsamongthesethreesub-groups.Additionally,thereareblindareasamonglocalgovernmentsinpromotingthecooperationbetweenportsduetovariousreasons.Therefore,howtodealwiththecompetitionandcooperationamongtheseports,especiallyhowtobuildacooperativeplatformfromtheperspectiveoftransforminggovernmentalfunctionsarereallyimportant.Asamatteroffact,thereisthesolidcooperativefoundationamongthesesub-groups,andtosomeextentthereismorecooperationthancompetitionamongthem.Hence,itneedslocalgovernmentstogiveupthetraditionalexecutiveconcepts,tobuildupthecooperativeplatformandtocreatethecooperativeatmosphere.Inordertoreshapethegovernmentfromtheperspectiveofpublicchoice,firstly,accordingtotheprincipleoftheruleofdecision-makingdeterminingtheresultofdecision-making,itneedstostrengthentheportlegislation,todeepenthereformofgovernment'sinstitutionandrationalizethemanagementsystemoftheport.Inthemeantime,lawsandrulesshouldbepassedtoregulatecraftunions,tradeassociationsandothersocialorganizations;secondly,itneedstoavoidtheinfluenceofspecialinterestgroups,uniformtheportplanningandpromotetheintegrationofports;finally,itneedstoestablishthesystemofhigh-leveldialogueandadoptthescientificviewonachievements.Inordertoassessthegovernment'sachievementsinascientificway,portcompaniesshouldestablishaneffectivecooperativesystemtointegrateadvantages,specificallyspeaking,firstly,institutionsandsystemswhichcanpromotecooperationacrossregionsshouldbeestablishedandimprovedamongthesesub-groups.Theadministrativeinstitutionshouldalsobesetuptopushthebuildingoftheplatformforsharinginformation;secondly,bymakingfulluseofradiationadvantagesofthebondedzone,portcompaniescangettheintegratedcompetitiveadvantage;finally,portcompaniesshoulddeveloptheintegratedtransitshipmentandbuildtheservicebrandjointly.Keywords:portsofBohairingporteconomypublicchoicepolicyofregionaleconomy目录一、绪论....................................................................................1（一）研究的目的、意义..................................................................1（二）国内外研究现状.....................................................................2（三）研究方法...........................................................................4（四）研究框架..............................................................................4（五）研究的内容和创新点...............................................................5二、港口经济和公共选择论述............................................................6（一）港口经济.................................................................................6（二）沿海港口群...........................................................................12（三）公共选择理论........................................................................18三、港口经济与区域经济发展模式的选择.................................21(一)港口经济与区域经济发展模式...................................................21（二）港口经济对沿海地区发展的效应分析.......................................23（三）树立区域意识发展港口经济...................................................25四、环渤海港口经济发展现状...................................................27（一）环渤海港口经济总体现状.........................................................27（二）环渤海港口间的竞争情况..................