英文实习报告.

InternshipReport—FinancialAnalysisofaTeashopSTUDENT:STUDENTNO.:COLLEGE:MAJOR:INSTRUCTOR:AbstractWithinmyinternshipintheteashop,Iworkedastheaccountantassistantfirstandlaterasaninventorycounter.Iunderstoodhowtheaccountingprocessesactuallyworkinalocalcompanyandhowdidtheycalculatethevalueofinventories.Basedontherelevantknowledgeonourbooks,suchascostflowassumption,inventorysystemandmeasures,financialratios,Ibrieflyanalyzedthesesystemsintheteashop.Theteashopislegitimatedtosellallsortsoftea,themostpopularonesaregreentea,redteaandoolong.Itisasoleproprietorshipcompany.Itsstatusdeterminesittoadoptthosesystemandmethodsthatareeasy,cost-savingandconvenienttopractice.Asaresult,itsinventorysystemandcostflowassumptionarealldeterminedbasedontherule.Foraccountingratios,theteashopitselfdidnotprepareacompletebalancesheetbecauseitisnotlistedinthestockmarket.SoIonlyincludessomefinancialdatanecessaryfortheanalysis.【KeyWords】soleproprietorship;teashop;inventorysystem;costflowassumption;accountingratio毕业生实习报告—对一个茶庄的财务分析【摘要】2009年三月至四月,我在茶庄进行了为期一个月的实习。这篇报告主要记录了我实习期的工作,以及根据本专业所学的会计方面的知识对本茶庄的会计运用的分析,包括盘存方法、一些财务指标的解释和分析等,并根据实际情况,给出了一些相应的改进措施。【关键词】财务指标;茶庄;盘存法;个体企业Content1.Introduction(42.Analysistool(52.1.Financialratios(52.2.Inventorysystemandmeasurement(62.3.Costflowassumption(73.FinancialRatioanalysis(84.Inventorysystemanalysis(95.Costflowassumptionanalysis(96.Conclusion(117.Reference(128.Acknowledgements(131.IntroductionMyinternshipperiodlastedfrommiddleMarchtotheendofmiddleApril.Myjobistochecktheinventorywiththepersoninchargeofcheckingandassisttheaccountant.Duringthisperiod,Ihavelearnedhowateashoporganizesandtheaccountingprocessincludingmakingjournalentries,preparingaccountingfilesandcheckinginventories.Inthereality,acompanyalwayshastomakedecisionsthatourbookswillnevercover.Somearecloselyrelatedwiththesocietyenvironment,suchasguanxi.Thuswecanlearnthebasicknowledgefrombooks,buthowtousethemproperlyinthesocietyisanotherkindofknowledgeaswell.Themaincustomerisadultmen,somepurelyenjoythetasteoftea,andsomebuyteaasapresenttoothers.Also,asmallrangeofwomencametobuyteaaswell,andtheytoldmethattheythoughtdrinkingteacanhelploseweight,especiallyoolong.Inordertopromotethesales,theteashophascarriedoutapromotionwhichspecializedondifferentkindsofconsumertargetsanddifferentconsumerneeds.2.AnalysisTool2.1.FinancialratiosToanalysisacompany’sperformance,therearemanydifferentways,onesignificantandeasywayistocalculateratios,throughthosenumbers,wecanhowexactlyacompanyperforms.Foraprivatecompany,therearemainly4kindsofratios:(1Companyprofitabilityratios:theyareusedtoevaluatehoweffectiveacompanyhasbeeninmeetingitsoverallprofitobjectives,particularlyinrelationtotheresourcesinvested.Including:Profitmargin:usedtoevaluateacompany’sefficiencyincontrollingcostsandexpensesinrelationtosales.Profitmargin=netincome/netsalesReturnontotalassets:indicateshowefficientlyacompanyusesitseconomicresources.Returnontotalassets:netincome/totalassets(2Liquidityratios:usedtoevaluateacompany’sabilitytomeetitscurrentmaturingfinancialobligations.Theseratiosgenerallyinvolveallormostofthecomponentsofacompany’sworkingcapital.Including:Currentratio:probablythemostcommonlyusedratiotoevaluateacompany’sshort-runliquidity.Sometimesitisreferredtoastheworkingcapitalratio.Currentratio=currentassets/currentliabilitiesAcid-testratio:amoreseveretestofacompany’sshort-termdebt-payingabilities.Acid-testratio=quickassets/currentliabilities(3Activityratios:areusedtoevaluatetheliquidityofcertaincurrentassetsbyestimatingthelengthofvarioussegmentsofacompany’soperatingcycle.Theratiosareindicatorsoftheefficiencywithwhichthecompanyusesitsshort-termeconomicresources.Inventoryturnover:indicatesthenumberiftimestheinventoryis“turnedover”orsoldduringthatperiod.Inventoryturnover=costofgoodssold/averageinventoryReceivablesturnover:indicateshowmanytimesreceivablesare“turnedover”orcollectedeachperiod.Receivablesturnover=netcreditsales/averagenetreceivablesPayablesturnover:measuresthenumberoftimesaccountspayableturnoverduringtheyear.Payablesturnover=costofgoodssold/averageaccountspayable(4Stabilityratios:usedtoevaluatethelong-runsolvencyandstabilityofacompany.Theyprovideevidenceofthesafetyoftheinvestmentsinthecompanybylong-termbondholders,preferredstockholders,andcommonstockholders.Debtratio:indicatesthepercentageoftotalassetscontributedbycreditors.Debtratio=totalliabilities/totalassetsTimesinterestearned:usedtoevaluatetheabilityofacompanytocoveritsinterestobligationsthroughitsannualearnings.Itisameasureofthesafetyofcreditors’investmentsinthecompany.Timesinterestearned=pretaxoperatingincome/interestexpense2.2.InventorysystemandmeasurementAcompanymayaccountforinventoryquantitiesandcostsusingeithertheperpetualsystemortheperiodicsystem.Perpetualinventorysystem:requiresthecompanytomaintainacontinuousrecordofthephysicalquantitiesinitsinventory.Itrecordsthepurchase,orproduction,anduseofeachitemofinventoryindetailedsubsidiaryrecords,althoughoftenonlyinunitswithoutincludingcost.Periodicinventorysystem:donotrequirethecompanytomai