国际贸易实务(英文版)7.International-Payment

ChapterSevenInternationalPaymentsLearningobjectivesAfterlearningthischapteryouwillbeableto:identifythekeyissuesinhandlinginternationalpaymentsunderstandtheuseofpayinginstruments,especiallythebillofexchange2definethethreebasictermsofpaymentcompareandcontrastthecharacteristicsoftermsofpaymentidentifythemajorpartiesinvolvedindifferentpaymentmethodsstatethestagesinvolvedinusingaletterofcreditexplainthevariationsofdocumentarycreditestablishabasicunderstandingofexportfinancingSEIBOFGDUFS27.1IssuesInConcernWhowillbearthecreditrisk?Inwhatcurrencythepaymentwouldbemade?Whatarethecostsofeachmethodofpayment?Whatmightbethepoliticalorlegalrisks?SEIBOFGDUFS3DeterminantFactorsofPaymentNatureofmerchandiseIndustrynorms/practicesDistancebetweenbuyerandsellerPotentialcurrencyfluctuationPolitical&economicstabilityRelationshipbetweenbuyerandsellerSEIBOFGDUFS4InternationalPaymentCreditinstrumentsBillofExchange/Draft汇票PromissoryNote本票Check支票TermsofpaymentRemittance汇付Collection托收LetterofCredit信用证SEIBOFGDUFS5Differencesbetweenpaymentinstrumentsandpaymenttermspaymentinstruments---Financialdocumentswhichcanbeusedindifferentmannersservingspecificpayingpurposepaymentterms---AseriesofactivitiesoroperationsfacilitatingthemovementoffundsfromonedestinationtotheotherInternationalPaymentSEIBOFGDUFS67.2PayingInstrument:Draft/BillofExchange汇票Definition:Adraftisanunconditionalwrittenorderaddressedbyonepersontoanother,singedbythepersongivingit,requiringtheaddressedpersontopayatsightoratafixedfuturetimethesumofmoneyclearlyspecified,tothepayeeortohisorder.SEIBOFGDUFS7ThreepartiesconcernedA:ThedrawerNormallytheexporterFillinthecontentofabillofexchangeandsignhisnameB:Thedrawee/payerThepartytowhomB/EisaddressedIfsightdraft,makepaymentIftimedraft,acceptthedraftandpaywhentheamountisdueUnderL/C–thebankUndercollection–theimporterC:Thepayee/beneficiaryThepartywhoissupposedtoreceivethepaymentusuallytheexporterorthebankatwhichthedrawerhashisaccountPresentB/EtothepayerforpaymentoracceptanceSEIBOFGDUFS8ThreepartiesconcernedDrawer(Exporter)Payee(Exporter/Exporter’sbank)Drawee/Payer(Importer/Importer’sbank)BillofexchangeMoneySEIBOFGDUFS9ThecontentofaB/E(Specimen7.1-7.4)Thewordsof“BillofExchange”or“Draft”ThedateandplaceofissuanceofdraftAspecificsumwhichshallbeexactlythesamewiththatindicatedonexportinvoiceThetenor,thatis,theperiodofcreditIfnotstipulated,regardedasSightdraftThenameofthedraweeThenameandsignatureofthedrawerThenameofthepayeeororderorbearerTheendorsementofthepayeewhenapplicableSEIBOFGDUFS10ProcedureofaB/EpracticeIssuance出票TheactofthedrawerissuingadrafttothedraweePresentation示票TheactofthepayeeorthebearerpresentingthedrafttothepayerforpaymentoracceptanceTworesults:beinghonoredordishonoredSEIBOFGDUFS11ProcedureofaB/EpracticePayment付款---DrafthonoredbypaymentForsightdraft,thepayerpaystothepayeeaspecifiedsumofmoneyindicatedonthedraftatpresentation.SEIBOFGDUFS12ProcedureofaB/EpracticeAcceptance承兑---DrafthonoredbyacceptanceTheactofthepayermakingacceptancebycross-signingonthefaceofthebillandpromisingtopayonorbeforetheexpirydateofatime/usancedraftAnacceptedbillshallbereturnedtothepresentingpartySEIBOFGDUFS13ProcedureofaB/EpracticeDiscount贴现AnaccepteddraftisnegotiableIftheholderwantstogetmoneybeforematuredate,thedraftcanbediscountedbyadiscountingbankattheprevailingdiscountrateItisthesaleofanacceptedtimebillforlessthanitsfacevaluebeforeitsmaturitydate.Endorsement背书TheactofthetransferorintransferringadrafttothetransfereebymakingasignatureonthebackofthedraftSEIBOFGDUFS14ProcedureofaB/EpracticeDishonor拒付TherefusalofthedraweeorpayertomakepaymentoracceptanceofadulypresenteddraftHoldercanrecoursethedrawerforpaymentToexercisehisrightofrecourse,thebillholderneedstopresentaCertificateofProtest(拒付证明）fromanotarypublicDraftwiththeword“withoutrecourse”canhardlybediscountedSEIBOFGDUFS15TypesofdraftCleandraftvs.documentarydraft光票与跟单汇票Banker’sDraftvs.Commercialdraft银行汇票与商业汇票Sightdraftvs.timedraft即期汇票与远期汇票SEIBOFGDUFS16CleanDraftvs.DocumentaryDraftCleanDraftistheonewhichisusedwithoutthecompanyofanycommercialdocumentsEg.Banker’sDraftDocumentaryDraftistheonethatcallsfortheattachmentofrelevantcommercialdocuments.PopularininternationaltradeEg.CommercialDraftSEIBOFGDUFS17Banker’sDraftvs.CommercialDraftBanker’sDraftisanorderfromonebank(thedrawer)toanother(thedrawee)withwhomitnormallymaintainsacorrespondentrelationship,topaytoanamedperson(thepayee)aspecifiedsumofmoneyondemand.CommercialDraftisanorderfromafirmorindividual(thedrawer)toanotherfirm,individualorbank(thedrawee)topaytoanamedperson(thepayee)aspecifiedsumofmoneyondemand.SEIBOFGDUFS18SightDraftvs.TimeDraftSightdraftistheonethatispayableonsightofthedocumentsoftitleoronfirstpresentationofthetitledocuments.Normallyusedwhentheexporterwishestoretaintitletothegoodsuntilitreachesitsdestinationandpaymentismade.Bearingthewordingas“atsightofthisbillofexchange,payto…”Notbankcredit,thereforehigherrisksTimedraft(usancedraft,termdraft)istheonethatispayableinas