表语宾语从句

名词性从句•名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.{宾语{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位语{Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.什么叫名词性从句？•在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses)•名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任___________________________等•因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为_________________________________________________。主语、宾语、表语、同位语主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句nounclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclause宾语从句的类别在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句介词的宾语从句形容词的宾语从句从句的连接词1．从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。动词的宾语从句从句做动词宾语Ithink(that)heisright.Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeback.Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendthismonth？Whodoyouthinkwillgothere?Whatgiftdoyousupposehewillsendheronherbirthday?doyouthink/suppose/suggest后接wh-引导的宾语从句时，把wh-疑问词提前可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.Ithinkitnecessarythatwe(should)eatanappleeveryday.我认为我们每天吃一个苹果有必要IfeelitapitythatIhavemissedthatconcert.我错过了那场,感觉非常遗憾.IhavemadeitarulethatIrunbeforebreakfast.我每天早饭前跑步成了习惯.Weallfinditimportantthatweshouldfindasolutiontotheproblem.我们都认为找出这个问题的解决方法很重要.②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate,appreciate,owe,seeto,dislike.Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.Iwouldappreciateitifyoupaidincash.如果你用现金支付，我将十分感激.Whenyoulookafterthebaby,youmustseetoitthatheiswithinyoursight.务必使，保证Tomowedittohisfatherthathegotthejob.欠，归功于Youcanrelyonitthathewillcomeontime.介词后面常常接wh-类宾语从句Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwewillbuildanewschoolthisyear.我们正在讨论是否明年修建一所新学校.Thenewbookisaboutwhatweeatindailylife.这本新书是关于我们日常生活吃的东西。翻译：我们当时住在你们现在称为古希腊的地方。介词except后可接that,引导宾语从句IknownothingaboutTomexceptthatwestudiedinthesamemiddleschool.Welivedinwhatyoucall“AncientGreece”.形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,sorry,surprisedafraid,satisfied.Iamsure(that)Iwillpasstheexam.我确信我会通过考试.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你..从句的时态1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。2.主句用过去时，从句用过去对应的时态。3.从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。Ithinkhemissedthebestchanceinhislife.Tomsaidhehadfinishedthehomework.Tomsaidhewouldfinishthehomeworkthenextday.Theteachersaidlighttravelsfasterthansound.宾语从句的虚拟语气要求demand;desire;request；require;建议suggest;advise;propose;命令order;command坚决主张insist;这一类词接宾语从句，从句为虚拟语气should+vHeinsistedthatallthepeopleshouldattendthemeeting.whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a.有ornot的时候使用whether,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.Idon’tknowwhether/ifIwillstayornot.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.c.有动词不定式的时候。Idon’tknowwhethertogothere.whether和if的使用区别表语从句在一个复合句中，从句作主句的表语成分.表语是什么？如何判断？学习表语从句,要了解从句有什么涵义？表语是什么？表语表达身份，状态，特点，涵义的语言结构Heisateacher.表身份Heistall.表特点Iamathomenow.表状态Theproblemiswhenhewillcome.表涵义如何判断表语？——表语接在系动词后面表语由形容词，副词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动词ing，或者从句来充当。从句——有从句必然有主句——两个句子组成一个复合句子需要表语从句的结构主语+系动词+从句（从句句首包含连词）Thequestioniswhenhewillcome.主语系动词表语从句连词Theproblemispuzzling.这个问题令人困惑TheproblemishowwecanstudyEnglishwell.问题是我们如何能学好英语。主语连系动词一个句子作表语---表语从句Hehasbecomeateacher.他已经成为一名教师。Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。Hissuggestionisgood.他的建议对我们有好处。Hissuggestionisthatweshouldeatanappleaday.他的建议是我们应该每天吃一个苹果。Thequestionisconfusing.这个问题令人困惑。Thequestioniswhenhecanarrive.问题是他什么时候能来。表语从句的连接词1.从句为陈述句,常选择连接词that,that不可以省略。2.从句为一般疑问句,选择连接词whether.3.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。HissuggestionisthatIshouldnoteattoomuch.陈述句Theproblemiswhetherhewillcome.一般疑问句Theproblemiswhenhewillcome.特殊疑问句ThiskindoffruitiswhatIlikemost.名词性从句快速确定一个从句的方法就是找到连词,连词在系动词后，连词接的句子就是从句.注意事项1.表语从句一定要用陈述语序。Right:Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.False:Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.×2.引导表语从句时要用whether,不用ifRight:Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.False:Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.×3.如果表语从句的主语是advice,suggestion,order,request,demand之类的词从句要用虚拟语气HisadviceisthatI(should)eatanappleinthemorningeveryday.4.如何判断表语从句表语从句含有系动词并且从句是位于主句后ThescissorsarenotwhatIneed.这把剪刀不是我所需要的ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要对你讲的Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.那就是她考试不及格的原因。ThereasonwhyIwaslateisthatmybikewentwrong.例题分析Thetraditionalviewis____wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.(2007上海)A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that［答案］DYouaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis____Idisagree.(2004)A.WhyB.whereC.whatD.how［答案］B—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?(1999)A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where［答案］A____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.(2003上海春)A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because［答案］B____shecouldn’tunderstandwas____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.(2000上海)A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that［答案］A—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?—Oh,that’s____.(2003北京春)A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited［答案］A