Book-4-Unit-4-Body-Language-Grammar-V-ing作定语状语

Unit4GrammarV-ing形式作定语状语1.V-ing形式V-ing形式由“do＋ing”构成,其否定形式是“notdoing”,V-ing可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语,V-ing没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。V-ing的基本形式V-ing主动语态被动语态一般式doing完成式b.Iregretted___________somuchtime.c.Thechildmadehermotherangryby____________hishomework.(not)beingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone(not)(not)(not)时态语态a.Hecameherewithout___________(invite).beinginvitedHecameherewithout________her(invite).inviting主被动看该动词与其逻辑主语的关系，是动作的执行者还是承受者havingwasted时态看该动词与主句谓语动词的时间先后，同时一般用doing，先于谓语动词用havingdonenotdoingV-ing作定语修饰名词,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前,说明其修饰名词的性质或特征,表示“供作…之用”,“正在…的”“…的”。2.V-ing形式作定语awalkingstick(astickusedforwalking)drinkingwater(waterfordrinking)workingpeopletherisingsunanexcitingexperience如果V-ing形式是短语,应放在所修饰的名词后,相当于一个定语从句。Theyarevisitorscomingfromdifferentcountries.whocomefromdifferentcountries.ThreedayslaterIreceivedaletterofferingmethejob.whichofferedmethejob.Thegirlstandingthereismyclassmate.whoisstandingthere1.It’sapleasuretowatchthefaceofa____baby.A.asleepB.sleepC.sleepingD.slept2.The____buildingsshowedusthatanearthquakewascoming.A.shakingB.shookC.shakenD.shake3.Thehotel______nowbesidetheparkwasdesignedbyagroupofyoungmen.A.tobebuiltB.beingbuiltC.builtD.buildingCAB3.V-ing作状语•状语是指修饰谓语动词或整个句子的成分,可以由单词，短语，从句充当表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、方式、伴随状况等。Hedidhisjob.Hedidhisjobquickly,quicklylastnight.knowingtimewaslimited.状语充当状语时，v-ing形式的主语与主句的主语相同.sohewenttobedveryearly.1．时间状语(可以用when，while等引导的时间状语从句替换)Hearingthegoodnews，hejumpedwithgreatjoy.听到那个好消息，他高兴得跳了起来。4.V-ing做状语的具体用法：=____________________________,hejumpedwithgreatjoy.heardthegoodnews.Whenhev-ing前可以保留when.(When)a._______________________,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.听见铃声,学生们开始走进教室。b.Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.____________________________,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.(When)Hearingthebell•1.v-ing作时间状语：WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet1.__________inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofSpring.A.TowalkB.HavingwalkedC.WalkedD.Walking2.Theoldman,________aboardfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworkedDD2．原因状语(可以用as，since，because等引导的原因状语从句替换)Seeingnobodyathome，hedecidedtoleavethemanote.因看到家里没人，他决定给他们留一张便条。=_______________________________,hedecidedtoleavethemanote.sawnobodyathomeBecausehe2.v-ing作原因状语：Beingill,shedidn’tattendtheclass.由于生病了，她没有上课。Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.AsIdidn’tthinkhemightbeathome,Icalledhim.=_______________,shedidn’tattendtheclass.Becauseshewasill=_______________,youshouldstudyhard.Beingastudent=_____________________________,Icalledhim.Notthinkinghemightbeathome1.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.(NMET92)A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived2.______histelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.(1991上海)A.NotknowingB.knowingnotC.NothavingknownD.HavingnotknownCA现在分词作原因状语,分词结构中否定词通常放在现在分词前面。作原因状语3．伴随或方式状语(没有相应的状语从句，一般可转换成并列分句)Thegirlscamein，followingtheirparents.那些女孩子跟在他们的父母后面进来了。=Thegirlscamein,and__________________.followedtheirparents.作伴随状语的v-ing形式表示的动作必须是主句主语发出的一个动作.(they)他们笑着谈着走进了教室。_____________________,theywentintotheclassroom.Laughingandtalking3.V-ing作伴随状语Hesatonthesofa,__________(watch)TV.watchingHesatonthesofa,and__________(watch)TV.watched1.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,______alongspeechforthepresident.A.whopreparesB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing2.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_____hishandintothepocketofapassenger.(2004.北京）A.putB.tobeputC.toputD.puttingBD4．结果状语Thepooroldmandied，leavingnothingtohischildren.那个贫困的老人死了，什么也没给他的孩子们留下。=Thepooroldmandied,and_________________________.leftnothingtohischildren.(he)•4.V-ing作结果状语：Allthepeopleweresingingthissong,________________________________.makingitthemostpopularsong所有的人都在传唱这首歌曲,使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。5．让步状语(可以用though，eventhough/if引导的让步状语从句替换)Workingveryhard，hedidn'tfeelabittired.尽管拼命地工作，他却丝毫不感到疲劳。=_______________________,hedidn’tfeelabittired.workedveryhardThoughheThoughthelittleboyisyoung,heknowsalotaboutcomputer.=______________,heknowsalotaboutcomputerBeingyoungBeingcleverenough,youshouldaskmeformoreadvice.=___________________________,youshouldaskmeformoreadvice.Althoughyouarecleverenough6．条件状语(可以用if，unless等引导的条件状语从句替换)Usingyourhead，you'llhaveagoodidea.如果你动动脑筋，你就会想出好办法来。Turningtotheleft，youwillfindahousewhosegatefaceseast.如果向左转，你就会看到一座大门朝东的房子。=___________________,you’llhaveagoodidea.useyourheadIfyou=______________,andyou’llhaveagoodidea.（祈使句）Useyourhead一直往前走,你就会看到一座白色地房子。______________,youwillseeawhitehouse.Walkingahead6.v-ing作条件状语：不断尝试，你终会实现你的梦想。______________,youwillrealizeyourdream.Keepingontrying特别提示(1)如果动词­ing形式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，用其一般式(doing)；如果先于谓语动词的动作发生，用其完成式(havingdone)。Seeingnobodyathome，hedecidedtoleavethemanote.由于看见家里没人，他决定给他们留一张便条。AttentionPlease(1)同时发生:doing时间先后顺序Havingfinishedhishomework，hewentfishing.做完作业之后，他就去钓鱼了。=_______________________________,hewentfishing.hadfinishedhishomework先发生：havingdoneAfterheV-ing做状语的逻辑主语TrueorFalse:a.Standingonthetopofthemountain,Ifoundthehousesbelowlookedliketinytoys.()b.Standingonthetopofthemountain,thehousesbelowlookedliketinytoys.()单独的V-ing做状语时