论抗战时期大后方高等教育的发展及其经验

1999129　4()JournalofXidianUniversity(SocialSciencesEdition)Dec.,1999Vol.9No.4①袁武振(　,　710061)　:抗日战争时期大后方的高等教育,是中国高等教育发展的特殊阶段,尽管有许多缺陷,但它迁移大专院校到大后,接济流亡师生,从而为中国教育发展做出了重要贡献,它在扩展教育规模,保证教学质量,开展学术研究,促进文化交流,及直接服务抗战诸方面,都取得了一定成绩。:抗日战争;大后方;高等教育:K265　　:A　　:1008472X(1999)04006004　　,。、“”19377,。193810,10891,25,83。75605657,42902966,4192231188,3360(《抗战头五年的教育》)。,。,,。,,,。193712,。,,,,,,。,“,,。”,,。,“”,“,,。”(《第二次中国教育年鉴》第一编第二章)。1937827,“”,。19381,3《①:19990504:(1963),(),,,。》,,,,,,。19384,《》,,,。,《》,。,《》,,《》17,。,。、,,。,,,,、。1937193810,37[1]。,。、,,,,。、,,,。,,,,,,,,。,、、、,,,,,。。108,25,14,8,7。,。,;,。、,20%。,,、、。,1939:3,、、、,。,,、。、,,,(5,4,23),。()。。,。1938,,,。,。,,,。,。,,,,1/2。,,12.8[2]。,,。()。·61·,。,1938,,。,,1942、、4。,。(),,。,,。()。,,、,,,,。,。,。,,194342,163,,。()。。,4132,。,。,4,。,,。,,,,。,,。()。,,。1938,,,(2)。,1941,、,,,。4,,,200,。,、。、,、、,。、,,。,,。1(参见《第二次中国教育年鉴》第五编第一章)。119361087560419229154223575194414511202789091207849874223736413698729242752347　　,65436,12346,77782,23(1912—1934)7365。、、、、,。,。,,。,,,。,、·62·、、、6371[3]。,,19431.5。1944,,,,。,,,,。,。1947:“,,,,,,,,,,,,(《第二次中国教育年鉴》序言)。,,,,。,,“”,,,。,,。,,。,。,,。,,,,,,,。:[1].[M].:,1984.[2].[M].:,1984.[3].[M].:,1978.(责任编辑:刘殿君)OntheDevelopmentandContributionofHigherEducationintheRearduringtheAnti-JapaneseWarYUANWuzhenAbstract:HighereducationintheRearduringtheAnti-JapaneseWarisaspecialstageinhistoryofhighereducationinChina.Thoughithadmanydefects,theuniversitiesremovedintotheReartookoveralotofstudentswhoescapedfromareasoccupiedbyJapanesesothatitmadegreatcontributionstoeducationaldevelopmentinChina:itguaranteedtoenlargeeducationalscale,improvethequalityofteaching,doacademicresearchandpromotecultureexchange,thereforeitsevereddirectlytheAnti-JapaneseWar.KeyWords:theAnti-JapaneseWar;therear;highereducation·63·