宋代士大夫文官政治成因探析

()JOURNALOFSHANDONGTEACHERSUNIVERSITY(HumanitiesandSocialSciences)2003482(187)2003Vol.48No.2(GeneralNo.187)3(,,252059):,,;,,:;;:K244:A:1001-5973(2003)02-0115-033:2002-09-03:(1960-),,,,-,,,:,,;,;,;,;,;,(),,-,,,:,,,[1](P704-705),,,,,,,,:,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,511,,,,,,,[2],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,!,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,?,,?:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,:,,,(),,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-,,,,,,,-,,,,:,,,(),,,,,,,,:,,,(),;,,,(1124)805,29:,,,,,,,();,,,,,,,,,611,,,,,,(),,:,,,,,,,,-,,,,,(),,,45,25,,:,,,,[3](60):,,,,,,,,,,[4],,,,(),,,,,,,,,80,63070,,,24,(1104),21,,,,,(),,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,:[1]:3[M].:,1995.[2].[J].(),2001,(5).[3][M].:,1984.[4]:11[M].:,1984.AnalysisoftheCausesofScholar2officialsPoliticsoftheSongDynastyGUOXue2xin(DepartmentofHistory,LiaochengUniversity,Liaocheng,Shandong252059)Abstract:Theimperialpower2scholar2officialspoliticalsysteminChinasfeudalsocietywassetupintheSongDynasty.THesettingupofthissystemwasaresultofmutualinfluenceandeffectofseveralfactors.Outwardly,itwasrightlycon2nectedwithimperialexamssystemandthenationalpolicyofesteemingciviliansandrepressingwarriors.Inwardly,itwastheoutcomeofthechangesoftheproductionrelationsandclassstructuressincetheendofTandDynastyandFiveDynas2ties.Itwastheresultofthedevelopmentofsocialeconomicsandculture.ThesettingupoftheScholar2officialsofSongDynastywentwiththestreamofthehistoricaldevelopment.Keywords:SongDynasty;scholar2officalspolitics;causes:711