▲▲2011定语从句全解5++

定义(Definition)：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。结构：先行词＋关系词＋从句定语从句分为＿＿＿＿＿定语从句和＿＿＿定语从句限制性非限制性(1).限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定作用,与先行词关系十分密切,不用逗号隔开,也不能省略,否则句意就不完整.TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.2).非限制性定语从句:只是对先行词做补充说明,没有限定作用,与先行词的关系也比较松散,如果省略,原句意义仍然完整,常用逗号与主句隔开.Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.注：下列场合下只用非限制性定语从句：1）在一定范围或前提下，所谈对象是唯一的；The29thOlympicGames,whichwasheldinBeijing,wascertainlyagreatsuccess.2）谈话双方皆知道的所指对象Maoisatthelibrary,whereweoftenborrowbooks.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：定语从句的引导词指人who(主语,宾语(口语)whom(宾语)that(主语,宾语,表语)whose(定语)as(主语,宾语,表语)指物which(主语,宾语)that(主语,宾语,表语)whose(定语)as(主语,宾语,表语)关系副词关系代词Where(地点状语)When(时间状语)Why(原因状语)a.Godhelpsthose(先行词)whohelpthemselves（定语从句）.b.Ilikethegirl（先行词）whospeaksEnglishverywell.c.Youmustdoeverything(先行词)thatIdo.（定语从句）d.Hehasanelderbrother先行词）,whoisnowservinginthearmy（定语从句）.e.Thebuilding(先行词)isstillingoodcondition,whereweoncelived（定语从句）.关系词的作用：A.引导定语从句；B.代替＿＿＿＿＿C.在从句里＿＿＿＿＿＿＿先行词担任成分Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.Thegirlthat/who/whomCorrectthemistakes1.Underthebigtreeare34students,manyofthemcomefromclasstwo.2.Mymotherhasagoodbook,whichcoverlooksterrible.3.Thisistheverypenthatyougaveittomebefore.4.Thereisanoldwoman,thatisholdingastick.whom———whose\it\——who关系词的选择原则关系词的选择根据关系词在从句中所作的成份决定。若关系词在从句中作主语,宾语,定语或表语，选用关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）；若关系词在从句中作状语，用关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）。关系代词who,whom,that的使用,先行词指人时：1）在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that，不可省略；2）在定语从句中作宾语时，用whom/that，在限制性定语从句中可以省略；3)在定语从句中作表语时，用that，不可省略关系代词which,that的使用,先行词指物时：1）在定语从句中作主语时，用which/that，不可省略；2）在定语从句中作宾语时，用which/that,在限制性定语从句中可以省略；3)在定语从句中作表语时，用that，不可省略whose引导的定语从句表示所属关系Theriver_________banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.whoseWhose的使用在定语从句中作定语时，用whose，不可省略whose（所属关系，指人或物，作定语）=＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿或＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿Thisisthebookwhosecover/(thecoverofwhich/ofwhichthecover)isbroken.Thereareinthisclass20students,______aredifferent.•A.whosebackgrounds•B.thebackgroundsofwhom•C.ofwhomthebackgrounds•D.thebackgroundsofwhosethe+名词+ofwhich/whomofwhich/whom+the+名词Sheisthegirlwho/thatlivesnextdoor.That’sthegirl(whom/who/that)Iteach.Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewell-known.Thisisthehousewhosewindowbrokelastnight.=Thisisthehouse,thewindowofwhichbrokelastnight.=Thisisthehouse,ofwhichthewindowbrokelastnight.练习：用关系代词who,whom,that或whose填空。28.Luxun,________realnamewasZhouShuren,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.29.Theman______________youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.30.Theman__________iswalkingontheplaygroundismyoldfriend.31.Achild___________parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.whose(who/whom/that)who/thatwhosewhen,where,why与that,which的区分１）I’llneverforgettheday_________wefirstmetinthepark.２）I’llneverforgetthetime_____________Ispentwithyou.３）I’llneverforgetthetime_____________wasspentwithyou.４）Thisisthemuseum_______________Ivisitedlastyear.when(which\that)which\that(which\that)先行词指时间，地点或原因时，定语从句中缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。Thisisthereason___________(=forwhich)Ididn’tcomehere.Thereason__________shegavewasnottrue.why(which/that)1).关系词所做的成分关键是由从句中的动词来决定Thisistheplacewherewework.(vi)Thisistheplace(which)wevisited.(vt)2).当先行词为时间名词（如time,day,year,week,month,occasion…）用关系副词when,但关系副词只能做状语，如果从句中缺主语或宾语则要视具体情况用that或which。当先行词为地点名词（如：place,room,city,country,situation,case,scene…）时，用关系副词where,但此时只能做地点状语，如果定语从句缺主语或宾语则要视具体情况用that或which。Conclusion:当先行词为way、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hetalks.当time作先行词时，在特定的句式中，可用that作关系副词,关系词可以省掉。Thisisthefirsttime(that)IhavegivenyoualessoninFrench.练习：用that,when,why,where,which填空。1.Iwanttoknowthedate____youwereborn.2.Ihaverememberedthedate____Iforgotjustnow.3.Doyouknowthereason_____heisabsenttoday?4.Thatisthereason__________Iwanttoknow.5.Thisisthefactory_____hisfatherworks.6.Thisisthefactory__________hisfatherbuilt.when(that/which)why(that/which)where(that/which)7.---Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?---Yes,thisistheonlyonepoint___wemustinsiston.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when答案:B8.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,____theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where答案:D9.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity_____sightmattersmorethanhearing.A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where答案:D10Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes___peoplewereeatenbythetiger.A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that答案:A11Theplace___thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe____thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich答案:C12.（05天津卷）Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from_____effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what答案：B13.(06福建卷)Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse____roofisunderrepair.A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.that答案：AWhose引导的定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。各种关系词的区别：1、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which（1）先行词是all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much,theone等不定代词时Thereisnothing(that)Icando.Imeantheonethatwasbroughtyesterday.(2)先行词被all,any,every,no,some,little,much等词修饰时Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.Youmaytakehomeanyofthesebooksthatyoulike.(3)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时Thisist