(博士论文)MICRO CT IMAGING AND PORE NETWORK EXTRACTION

1MICRO-CTIMAGINGANDPORENETWORKEXTRACTIONADISSERTATIONSUBMITTEDTOTHEDEPARTMENTOFEARTHSCIENCEANDENGINEERINGOFIMPERIALCOLLEGELODONINPARTIALFULFILMENTOFTHEREQUIREMENTSFORTHEDEGREEOFDOCTOROFPHILOSOPHYHuDong20072AbstractPorenetworkmodelsthatsimulatetwoandthree-phaseflowcanpredictmulti-phaseflowproperties,suchasrelativepermeability,oncetheporegeometry,topologyandwettabilityareknown.Micro-CTscanning,asanon-destructivetechnique,providesathree-dimensionalimageoftheporespaceataresolutionofseveralmicrons.However,theseimagescannotbedirectlyinputintonetworkmodels.Wedevelopamaximalballalgorithmtoextracttopologicallyequivalentnetworksofporesandthroatsfromimagesofporousmediathatcanbeusedasinputtonetworkmodels.Thealgorithmisdiscussedindetailandisvalidatedonimageswherenetworkshavebeenextractedusingothermethods.Fullnetworkswithparameterizedshapesforporesandthroatshavebeengeneratedonmicro-CTimagesscannedduringthisPhDprojectandusedasinputtoapore-scalemodel(ValvatneandBlunt,2004)tosimulatesingleandtwo-phaseflows.Goodagreementisobtainedonboththenetworkstructuresandpredictedsingle-andtwo-phasetransportpropertiesagainstbenchmarkdata.3AcknowledgementsIwouldliketosincerelyexpressmydeepestgratitudetomysupervisorProfessorMartinJ.Bluntforhisconstantsupport,guidance,patienceandencouragementduringthestudy.Withouthisassistance,theworkwouldneverhavebeendone.IthankImperialCollegeConsortiumonPore-scaleModellingfortheirfinancialsupportandsamplesprovidedforthisstudy.NumericalRocksAS,particularlyDr.Pål-EricØrenandStigBakkearethankedforsharingandcalculatingdata,andhelpfuldiscussionsandsuggestionsthroughoutthisproject.Ialsothankthemforofferingmetheopportunitytocontinuethepore-scaleworkintheirteam.ShellInternationalE&PandSaudiAramco,particularlyDr.BobSmits,Dr.XudongJing,Dr.NabeelAl-AfalegandDr.MustafaTouatiarethankedforrecruitingmeforsummerinternship,makingmeacquaintedwithindustrialexcitementandmanyusefuladvicesprovidedduringthecourse.IwouldliketothankeverymemberintheDepartmentofEarthScienceandEngineeringatImperialCollegeLondonfortheirconstantsupportandexcellentacademicenvironmentprovided.ThegratitudeextendstotheXMTlabattheDepartmentofMaterialsatImperialCollegeandSYRMEPlabatElettraSynchrotronfortheiroutstandingtechnicalaids,particularlytoStefanoFavretto,Prof.GianniSchena,Dr.MarielaG.AraujoFreskyandDr.CarlosA.Grattonifortheirconstanthelpinexperimentalworkduringthecourse.Dr.FengHuangattheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChinaisspeciallythankedforhisinvaluablehelptoimprovetheprogramefficiency.FurtherIwouldliketothankmyfellowcolleaguesforprovidingfriendlyandintellectualenvironment,particulartoNabilAl-Bulushi,Dr.MikeAle,Dr.AnwarAl-4Kharusi,SaifS.J.Alsayari,Dr.BrankoBijeljic,Dr.GinevraDiDonato,Prof.ZhenliangGuan,NasiruIdowu,Dr.StefanIglauer,Dr.XavierLopez,Dr.HuiyunLu,Dr.HiroshiOkabe,Dr.MohammadPiri,RanQi,SalehMansoori,Dr.MatthewRhodes,Dr.V.SanderSuicmez,TahaSochi,OlumideTalabi,Dr.PerValvatne,CongjiaoXie,etc.MygratitudeisalsoexpressedtoProf.PeterD.LeefromImperialCollegeLondonandDr.KejianWufromHeriot-WattUniversity,forservingonmyexaminationcommittee.Ialsothankyouwhoareinterestedinmyworkandreadingmythesis.FinallyIwouldliketothankmyparents,wifeandnewbornchild.Thanksforyourunconditionalloveandimmensesupport!5ContentsAbstract..........................................................................................................................2Acknowledgements........................................................................................................3Contents.........................................................................................................................5Listoffigures.................................................................................................................9Listoftables.................................................................................................................181Introduction..........................................................................................................192Literaturereview..................................................................................................252.1Porespaceimaging......................................................................................252.1.1Serialsectioning...................................................................................252.1.2Confocallaserscanningmicroscopy...................................................282.1.3Stochasticreconstructionusingstatisticalmethods.............................302.1.4Process-basedreconstructions.............................................................352.1.5X-raycomputedmicro-tomography(micro-CT).................................382.2Porenetworkextractionmethods.................................................................432.2.1Multi-orientationscanning...................................................................432.2.2Medialaxisbasedalgorithms...............................................................452.2.3Voronoidiagrambasedalgorithms.................