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本科生毕业论文（设计）题目：基于智能仪表和PLC的液位控制系统设计院系：信息科学与技术学院专业：自动化学生姓名：邢新田学号：05376016指导教师：杨智（教授）（职称）二〇〇九年四月-i-i摘要微电子技术和计算机技术的不断发展，引起了仪表结构的根本性变革，以微型计算机（单片机）为主体，将计算机技术和检测技术有机结合，组成新一代“智能化仪表”，在测量过程自动化、测量数据处理及功能多样化方面与传统仪表的常规测量电路相比较，取得了巨大进展。智能仪表不仅能解决传统仪表不易或不能解决的问题，还能简化仪表电路，提高仪表的可靠性，更容易实现高精度、高性能、多功能的目的。可编程控制器(ProgrammableLogicController---PLC)是一种应用广泛非常的自动控制装置，它将传统的继电器控制技术、计算机技术和通讯技术融为一体，具有控制能力强、操作灵活方便、可靠性高、适宜长期连续工作的特点，非常适合液位控制的要求。本文介绍了基于智能仪表、西门子S7-300型可编程控制器（PLC）、组态软件的液位控制系统的设计方案。系统采用PID算法，实现液位的自动控制。利用组态软件设计人机界面，通过串行口和可编程控制器通信，实现控制系统的实时监控、现场数据的采集与处理。实验证明，控制系统效果比较令人满意，具有较大的工程实用价值。关键词：液位控制；智能仪表；可编程控制器；PID；人机界面-ii-iiAbstractNowadaysintelligentmeasuringapplianceisimprovingmoreandmorequickly.Ithasbeenusedinmoreanmoreplaceofourlife.ItcanmakeElectriccircuitmucheasierthanbefore.Andthecontrolcanberealizedmuchmorepreciseandconvenient.Microelectronicsandcomputertechnologycontinuestodevelop,ledtofundamentalchangesinthestructureofinstrumentstomicro-computer(singlechip)asthemainbody,thecomputertechnologyandtheorganicintegrationofdetectiontechnologytoformanewgenerationofsmartmetersinMeasurementofprocessautomation,measurementdataprocessingandfunctionaldiversificationofthetraditionalinstrument,comparedtoconventionalmeasuringcircuit,tremendousprogresshasbeenmade.PLCisaveryusefulcontrolinstallment.Itiswidelyusedinalotofcontrolsysteminourlives.Itistheproductofthecomputer,control,communicationtechnology.ItcanmakeElectriccircuitmucheasierthanbefore.Andthecontrolcanberealizedmuchmorepreciseandconvenient.Itverysuitsthecontrolofwaterlevel.Itwillrelaythetraditionalcontroltechnology,computerandcommunicationtechnologiestogetherwiththecontrol,andoperationofflexibleconvenient,highreliability,suitableforcontinuouslong-termcharacteristicsofthework,verysuitableforliquidlevelcontrolrequirements.Thisthesismainlyintroducesadesignofwaterlevelcontrolsystemwithintelligentmeasuringappliance,SIMATICprogrammablelogiccontroller(PLC)andconfigurationsoft.ThissystemadoptsincrementtypeProportional-Integral-Differentialarithmetictorealizethewaterlevelautomation.Forconveniencetomonitorthesystemandprocessdatainactualtime,wehavedesignedHumanMachineInterface（HMI）withconfigurationsoft.Theresultofexperimentationindicatesthatthissystemcouldrunquickly,accuratelyandstablywhichaccordswithouraimperfectly.Thissystemhasbeenusedwidelyinthetemperaturecontrolsystemfieldforitslowcostandhighstabilizationadvantages.Experimentprovedthatthecontrolsystemmoresatisfactoryresults,withmorepracticalengineeringvalue.Keywords:WaterLevelControl；Intelligentmeasuringappliance；PLC；PID；HMI-iii-iii目录摘要................................................................................................................................................................IABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................................II第一章前言..............................................................................................................................................11.1课题研究背景、意义和目的.....................................................................................11.2液位控制系统的发展状况.........................................................................................11.3论文研究内容.............................................................................................................2第二章智能仪表与可编程控制器基础..................................................................................................42.1智能仪表基础.............................................................................................................42.1.1智能仪表的定义及发展现状...................................42.1.2智能仪表的功能.............................................42.1.3智能仪表的基本组成.........................................42.2可编程控制器基础.....................................................................................................52.2.1PLC的历史和发展趋势........................................62.2.2PLC的分类..................................................62.2.3PLC的基本结构..............................................72.2.4PLC的编程..................................................82.2.5S7-300型PLC的特性.........................................8第三章PID控制器设计.........................................................................................................................103.1PID控制器...............................................................................................................103.1.1PID控制器的基本结构.......................................103.1.2PID控制器各参数的作用.....................................113.1.3过程控制中常见PID参数整定方法............................123.1.4PID参数整定公式..........................................143.2数学模型..................................................................................................................15第四章控制系统设计............................................................................................................................184.1硬件配置...........................................................................................................