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E-learning在中国企业培训领域的应用困境与对策分析摘要目前，E-learning在国外企业中的应用如火如荼，但E-learning在中国企业中的应用情况却始终是不温不火。虽然对于中外反差状况的原因，已有很多研究结果，但尚无对这些原因的重要程度研究。本文首先陈述了E-learning的概念和E-learning在中外企业中的应用情况。在总结前人的研究结果基础上，本文列出了企业领导重视程度、企业信息化水平、E-learning课件、学员参加培训的价值取向和学员的学习习惯等12项影响E-learning在企业中成功应用的关键因素，并分析了中外企业在这些关键因素上存在的差异，以及这些差异所产生的原因。在对培训管理人员、企业员工和E-learning服务商代表进行问卷调查后，本文通过定性定量的分析方法，将影响E-learning在企业中应用的12项关键因素进行了重要性排序。研究的结论显示，影响到E-learning在企业中成功推行的最核心因素包括学员参加培训的价值取向、企业培训管理水平、企业应用E-learning的方式、企业领导重视程度及培训课件等，而学员的计算机操作能力和E-learning供应商的服务质量的影响力则相对较小。本文还通过分析中国平安和中国电信应用E-learning的案例，验证了上述研究结论。针对最核心的5项影响因素，本文还提出了一些应对策略。本文所做的研究结论，具有一定的理论价值和实践价值，特别是对中国企业成功应用E-learning这一现代化培训手段具有较好的指导意义。关键词：E-learning，企业培训，课件，学习平台，混合式学习THEANALYSISOFSETBACKSANDCOUNTERMEASURESABOUTE-LEARNINGINCHINESEENTERPRISESABSTRACTCurrently,E-learningapplicationinforeignenterprisesisstillverygood,butithasencounteredasetbackinChineseenterprises.Manyexpertshavestudiedthisphenomenon,buttheydidnotfollowthedegreeofimportancetosortthesereasons.Firstly,thispaperpresentedtheconceptofE-learningandtheapplicationofE-learning.Inthebasisofpreviousresearchresults,thispaperliststhe12keyfactorsthataffecttheE-learningsuccessintheenterprise,suchastheattitudeoftheleadership,theinformatizationlevelsofthecorporation,courseware,thevaluationtendencyandthelearninghabitsofthetrainees.ThepaperanalysesthedifferencebetweenChineseandforeignenterprisesinthesekeyfactors.Aftersurveyedtrainingmanagers,employeesandrepresentativesofE-learningprovider,theauthorfollowedthedegreeofimportancetosortthesefactorsbyqualitativeandquantitativemethods.Accordingtotheconclusionsofthispaper,thecorefactorsthataffecttheE-learningsuccessintheenterpriseincludethevaluationtendencyoftrainees,thetrainingmanagement,applicationE-learningapproach,theattitudeoftheleadershipandthecourseware,however,thetrainee’scomputerSkillandtheservicequalityofE-learningprovidersarenotparticularlyimportant.Finally,thecaseofChinaPinAnandChinaTelecomverifiedtheresultsofthisstudy.ThepapersuppliedsomesuggestionstotheChineseenterprises.Theconclusionofthispaperhassometheoreticalandpracticalvalue;especially,itisusefulforthedevelopmentofE-learninginChineseenterprises.KEYWORDS:E-learning,enterprisetraining,courseware,learningmanagementsystem,blendedlearning目录第1章引言................................................................11.1研究的意义...........................................................11.2研究内容.............................................................11.2.1E-learning的概念..............................................11.2.3E-learning的特点..............................................21.2.4企业E-learning产业链.........................................41.3企业E-learning的发展和应用..........................................51.3.1E-learning在国外企业中的应用现状概述..........................61.3.2E-learning在中国企业中的应用现状概述..........................71.4研究思路与方法.......................................................81.4.1研究思路.......................................................81.4.2研究方法.......................................................8第2章文献综述..........................................................102.1关于影响E-learning发展因素的研究...................................102.2关于衡量培训效果的理论研究..........................................112.2.1柯克帕特里克模型..............................................122.2.2考夫曼的“五级评估模型”......................................132.2.3菲力普斯(Phillips)的五级投资回报率(ROT)模型.................132.2.4CIRO评估方法.................................................14第3章企业应用E-learning困境的因素分析.................................153.1企业方面的影响因素..................................................163.1.1企业信息化水平................................................163.1.2企业内部E-learning的氛围.....................................183.1.3企业领导重视状况..............................................183.1.4企业组织规模..................................................193.1.5企业应用E-learning的方式.....................................203.1.6企业E-learning管理水平.......................................203.2受训者(学习者)方面的因素............................................213.2.1受训者的计算机操作能力........................................213.2.2受训者的学习习惯..............................................223.2.3受训者参加培训的价值取向......................................223.3产品与服务方面的影响因素............................................233.3.1E-learning系统..............................................243.3.2E-learning课件..............................................253.3.3E-learning供应商的服务......................................26第4章E-learning在中国企业中应用因素分析...............................274.1E-learnning相关者认知与态度调查....................................274.1.1样本（调研对象）选取..........................................274.1.2问卷设计......................................................274.1.3数据分析......................................................274.2结论................................................................33第5章成功实例验证分析....................................................355.1中国平安E-learning应用实例验证分析.................................355.1.1领导高度重视..................................................365.1.2培训管理水平...