医药行业中的逆向物流文献翻译

毕业论文中的外文文献及翻译医药行业中的逆向物流毕业论文外文文献及译文-1-外文文献：ReverseLogisticsinPharmaceuticalIndustryAbstract:Thisstudylooksintodetailedaspectsofreverselogisticsontheissuesthatpharmaceuticalorganizationsface.Reverselogisticsisnowfollowingatrendwhereitisseenasacompetitiveadvantageandasourceofpotentialrevenue.Theperceptionischangingfromthetraditionofreturnsbeingabarriertoprofitsandacostburden.Alsothesustainabilityissuebeingaddressedbyreverselogisticsisbeneficiarytopharmaceuticalorganizationswithend-oflifeproducts.Thediscussioncontributedtothemarketperspectiveandtobackupthemisconceptionofreturnsbeingacostissue,whenitmaintainsmarketsharebyretainingquality.Theperceptionofthoseindustrypracticesontheenvironmentandsustainabilitypracticedbyorganizationshasshownlessenthusiasmthanoncethought.Keywords-Supplychainmanagement,reverselogistic,pharmaceuticallogistics,pharmaceuticalreverselogistic.1.IntroductionIncommonscenarioaproductorserviceisdevelopedtobemanufacturedorcreatedandgothroughthesupplychain(e.g.manufacturer-wholesaler-retailer)tobesoldtoaconsumer.Supplychainisintegratingmoreactivitiesthanthoseconcernedwithsupplychainalonelikeincludingserviceandproductrecovery.Herewewillfocusonespeciallyreverselogistics,i.e.thehandlingofproductsbacktomanufacturer’sorproducer’send.Theobjectiveistominimizethehandlingcostwhilemaximizingthevaluefromthegoods,orproperdisposal.Essentially,reverselogisticsistheoppositeoflogisticsmanagement.Goodsormaterialsmoveintheoppositedirectionofthesupplychain,thatis,fromthecustomerbacktothesupplier.Productsarereturnedtothemanufacturerorretailerforanynumberofreasons.Someofthemorecommonreasonsarewarrantyfailures,damagedproducts,productrecalls,incorrectproductorders/shipment,exchangeofimpairedproductsforfunctionalones,reusablepackagingmaterials,productupgradingandsoon.Whateverthereason,returnedgoodshavetobeprocessedinthebestmannerpossible.ReverseLogisticshasbecomeafairlyseriousissueinrecenttimesprimarilybecauseretailershavebeenforced,duetoincreasedcompetition,manyforcesdrivereverselogistics,like,competitionandmarketingmotives,directeconomicmotives毕业论文外文文献及译文-2-andconcernswiththeenvironment.Whateverthereason,returnedgoodshavetobeprocessedinthebestmannerpossible.Reverselogisticsinthepharmaceuticalindustryisextremeimportant,notonlyfromtheeconomicpointofview,butalsofromtheenvironmentaswellasregulatorypointofview.ThepharmaceuticalreturnsindustryisworthUS$2.5billion.ThereisalsoanestimatedreverseflowofgoodsworthUS$5billion.Someimportantconsiderationsfortheindustrywhenitcomestoreverselogisticsarethesecurityofthereturnedgoods,keepingthecostlowwiththehelpofautomation,traceabilityofthegoodsreturnedfromthecustomertothefinalstageofdisposition.2.LiteratureReviewDuringthelastdecade,reverselogisticshasobtainedfocusinresearchandpracticeboth.Inearlynineties,theCouncilofLogisticsManagementpublishedtwostudiesonreverselogistics.In1992Stockfirstrecognizethefieldofreverselogisticsasrelevantforbusinessandsocietygenerally.RogersandTibben-Lembkein1999presentedabroadcollectionofreverselogisticsbusinesspractices,buttheyhadgivenspecialattentiontotheUSexperience.Theyfoundthatfourintenlogisticsmanagersconsiderreverselogisticsrelativelyunimportantcomparedtoothercompanyissues.Duringthelastyears,manyarticlesdedicatedtotheoptimizationandmanagementofreverselogisticsappeared,likeGuideetal.(2000)onthecharacteristicsofreverselogisticsforremanufacturingsystems.Intermsofresourcerecovery,themostoftendescribedoptionwasrecyclingandre-use/redistribution(DeKosteretal.,2001).Products,components,materials,equipmentandevencompletetechnicalsystemsmaygobackwardsinthesupplychain(forconveniencewewillusethetermproductstorefertoallofthem).Forsometimewehavebeenfamiliarwithproductsbeingreworkedduringmanufacturingduetounsatisfactoryquality,orwithgoodmaterialsorcomponentsbeingreturnedfromtheproductionfloorbecausetheywereleftoverafterproduction(manufacturingreturns).Defectiveproductsmaybedetectedaftertheyhaveenteredthesupplychainresultinginapullbackofproductsthroughthechain(productrecalls).3.MethodologyThemethodstobeusedwillbeconductingaliteraturereviewthroughoutallthesections,毕业论文外文文献及译文-3-researchingwebsites,booksandacademicjournals.4.DiscussiononDifferentReverseLogistics4.1PharmaceuticalIndustryScenarioPharmaceuticalproducerscombineingredientsprecisely,underspecificconditions,whilenegotiatingamazeofstringentregulationsandqualitycontrols.Companiesthatmanufacture,moveorstorepharmaceuticalproductsmustmeetsimilardemands.Manydrugsarehighlysensitivetotemperature;someareextremelyvaluable;andallaresubjecttoacomplexarrayofgovernmentandinternationalregulations.Inthepharmaceuticalsupplychain,everydetailcounts.Pharmaceuticallogisticsissuchaspecializeddisciplinethatdrugmanufacturershavelongbeenreluctant.Butsomerecentindustrytrendsaremakingdrugmanufacturersrethinktheirstrategies.Onetrendisthatsomepopulardrugsarecomingoffpatent.Withoutpopularproductstoboosttheirbottomlines,manufacturerstrytomakeupthedifferencebycuttingcosts.Onewaytheydothisisthroughcuttingcostinlogisticsoperations.Incountr