2011高考英语阅读技巧-猜词

高考阅读技巧—猜测词义考纲要求考题落实情况2007年2008年2009年2010年1理解主旨和要义32112理解文中具体信息761073根据上下文推断生词的词义21114作出判断和推理24245理解文章的基本结构00006理解作者的意图、观点和态度1212墙角数枝槑，凌寒独自开，遥赞它是雪，只能说你呆。（梅）Ifyoucomeacrossnewwordswhenreading,Whatwillyoudo?•Ignorethemandcontinuereading•Lookthemupinthedictionary•Guessthemeaning猜测词义▲判断指代关系Theunderlinedpart“it”(inPara.2)refersto______.“polyglot”mostprobablymeans“_______________.”对考纲外生词的猜测Bysaying“thebrainatanyageishighlyplastic”,thewritermeansthebraincanbe_____.对考纲内熟词新义的猜测对句义的猜测“cloud”means“_____________________.”▲猜测词语意思(2011佛山一模C)WhensomeoneclickstheAPOLOGYbuttonandthewords“I’msorry”flashonyourscreen,allyouhavetodoisclickbacktheFORGIVENESSbutton.Itmeansthatyouhavewholeheartedlyacceptedtheotherperson’sAPOLOGY.Butnotonlythat.Youalsohavetoclickitwhensomeonehassentyoubackthemessage“It’sokay.Forgetaboutit,”onyourrequestofAPOLOGY.Itmeansthatyouarealsoforgivingyourselfforyourmistake;thatyouwon’tkeepfeelingsobadhavingcommittedit.38.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph4referto?A.TheUNDObutton.B.TheAPOLOGYbutton.C.TheSAVEbutton.D.TheFORGIVENESSbutton.小结●提问方式：Theunderlinedword“it/that/one/they/them”inthethirdparagraphrefersto_______★一般说来，that,it,they,them,one等代词的确指内容是在此词的前面，理解上下文(特别是上句)的意思和本句的意思是解题的关键。▲如何判断指代关系常用词义猜测技巧一、依据针对性解释二、依据内在逻辑关系三、根据构词法猜测词义常用词义猜测技巧一、依据针对性解释1、利用定义线索2、利用解释说明线索3、利用举例线索一、依据针对性解释常用词义猜测技巧1、利用定义线索特征：常有be,becalled,mean,referto,bedefinedas等词语来提示。例1[,ænθrə’pɔlədʒi]Anthropologyisthescientificstudyofman.Anthropologymeans_________.人类学例2Desertcanbedefinedasalargeareaoflandwherethereisnotenoughrainandvegetationtosupporthumanlife.Desertrefersto______.沙漠一、依据针对性解释常用词义猜测技巧2、利用解释说明线索特征：常有thatis(tosay),inotherwords,namely,or等词语来提示或者利用同位语或定语从句。例1Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwatertheirfields.Toirrigatemeans______.注：or=mean表示一词语对另一词语的解释关系或为其同义词语例2Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.Zoologistrefersto________.动物学家灌溉例3[si’mæntiks]Semantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.Semanticsmeans_______.例4Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.Herdsmanrefersto________.牧人语义学一、依据针对性解释常用词义猜测技巧3、利用举例线索特征：常有forexample,forinstance,suchas,like等词语来提示。例1[,piəri’ɔdikəl]Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.Periodicalsmeans____________.期刊，杂志例2[si’lebriti]Likepeopleinanycountry,Americansenjoyfollowingthelivesofcelebrities:moviestars,sportsheroes,famousartists,politicians,andthelike.Theword“celebrities”means_____.名人常用词义猜测技巧二、依据内在逻辑关系4、利用对比关系线索5、利用因果关系线索6、利用同类关系线索7、利用一般常识线索常用词义猜测技巧4、利用对比关系线索特征：常有but,however,while,unlike,incontrast,onthecontrary,instead,despite等表示对比或反义的词语来提示。二、依据内在逻辑关系例1AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow．Hisbrother，incontrast，isquitehumble（谦虚的）andmodest．superciliousmeans____________________.傲慢的，目空一切的例2ThoughTom'sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Grubbymeans__________.肮脏的常用词义猜测技巧5、利用因果关系线索二、依据内在逻辑关系特征：常以because,sothat,so/such…that等词汇及结构来体现。例1Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministrator（管理人员）becausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers．autocraticmeans____________.独断专行的例2Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow（浅的）.Turbidmeans__________.浑浊的常用词义猜测技巧二、依据内在逻辑关系6、利用同类关系线索特征：常有and,or,like,similarly,also等表示词语来提示。例1Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth．Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful．detrimentalmeans_________________.有害的，不利的例2Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighbourallcalledheraneccentriclady.eccentricmeans____________.奇怪的常用词义猜测技巧二、依据内在逻辑关系特征：一般能够根据自己的生活经验及生活常识来判断词义。7、利用一般常识线索例1MyparentswentoutandgotanewTV.Thatafternoonanantennawasputontheroof.antennameans______________.天线例2Thestudentswerejubilantwhentheylearnedthattheirschoolhadplacedfirstinthecompetition.jubilantmean__________________.兴高采烈的常用词义猜测技巧三、根据构词法猜测词义8、利用构词法中的词缀法9、利用构词法中的合成法10、利用构词法中的转化法常用词义猜测技巧三、根据构词法猜测词义特征：1、利用前缀和后缀构成新的单词2、利用合成两个意义不同的词组合构成新的单词3、利用转变单词的词性构成新的单词前缀：1.in-,im-,il-,ir-,non-,un-,dis-,mis-常表示否定,如：incorrect,impossible,illegal,irregular,nonstop,unfair，disappear，mislead后缀:1.adj.-ness,如：happiness,illness,selfishness2.V.-ment,如：equipment,entertainment,movement3.V.-tion,如：education,communication,operation4.形容词词性的词缀：-able,-cal,-ish,-ful,-ous,-al,如：comfortable,physical,childish,hopeful,delicious,dangerous,national例1Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.impassablemeans______________.无法通过的例2SaintValentine'sDayisatimeofhappinessforlovers．Boysliketogivegirlsflowersaspresents．Onthatday，hecametoseemewithaforget-me-notinhishand．forget-me-notmeans____________.勿忘我例3Todayit’shisturntoemptytherubbish.emptymeans________.倒空小试身手：1．Archaeologyisthestudyoftheburiedremainsofancienttimes,suchashouses,pots,toolsandweapons.A.地理学B.生态学C.心理学D.考古学2．ThoughMr.Smithhasbeengeneralmanagerforjustthreemonths,hehasalreadymademuchgreaterachievementsthanhispredecessors.A.上级B.前任C.同事D.下级3．Thefootballgamewasgettingmoreandmoreexciting,however,theoldladywasstillasdozyassheusuallywas.A.昏昏欲睡的B.亢奋的C.欣