定语从句讲解(0)

从句学习定语从句与状语从句定语从句Idon’tlikelazypeople.我不喜欢不守信用的人Idon’tlikepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirword.两个重要的概念先行词关系词AttributiveClause（定语从句）概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。HeisanEnglishteacherwholikessingingsongs.定语从句先行词引导词引导词关系代词:who﹑whom﹑that﹑which﹑whose关系副词:where﹑when﹑why关系词在定语从句充当的成分1关系词用作从句的主语简单句变为定语从句Thewomanisafamousdancerandshelivesnextdoor.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisafamousdancer.2简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的句子Ilikeguysandtheyhaveagoodsenseofhumor.Ilikeguyswhohaveagoodsenseofhumor.关系词用作从句中动词的宾语i’reallyliketofindafriendandIcantrusthimcompletely.I’dreallyliketofindafriend…Icantrustcompletely.更多例句他是我见过的最好的法语老师HeisthebestgrammarteacherwhoIhaveeverseen.It’shardtohaveafriendwhoyoucantrustcompletely.Heisthestudentwhotheteacherlikestopraiseforhishardwork.关系词用作从句中介词的宾语I’mtalkingaboutfriendandyoucansharealmosteverythingwiththem.I’mtalkingaboutfriendwhoyoucansharealmosteverythingwith.Who充当介词的宾语我这里说的朋友，是指那些你几乎可以把一切与之分享的人。注意：定语从句中的省略现象作宾语的关系词可以省去1I’dreallyliketofindafriend()Icantrustcompletely.2I’mtalkingaboutfriends()youcansharealmosteverythingwith.3IhopeIneverhaveaboss()Ican’ttalktoaboutmyproblems.注意：在从句中作主语的关系词无法省去。比如：不能说Ilikeguys()haveagoodsenseofhumor.关系代词与先行词的搭配关系关系代词：关系副词：Whom,which,that,whose,when,where,why1先行词指人,用关系代词：whowhom2表示人或物的所有关系，用whose3先行词指物，用关系代词which4that可以指代人，也可以指代物。关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系代词that人/物主、宾、表which物主、宾、who人主、宾whom人宾whose人/物定as人/物/事情主、宾、表关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语关系词的作用：1、连接作用把主句和从句连接起来2、替代作用在从句中代替在它前面的先行词3、成分作用在从句中充当一个成分例1.Theman__________gaveyouthetalkyesterdayisourteacher.that/who指人:that/who(主语)例2:Theboy_________________thenurseislookingafterismyfriend.(who/whom/that)指人:who/whom/that(宾语,可省略)例3:Thecar________________isredwasdamagedyesterday.that/which指物:that/which(主语)例4:Thequestion_______________Idon’tunderstandisaboutgrammar.(that/which)指物:that/which(宾语,可省略)Titanicistheship___________sankafterhittinganiceberg.which/that__________Beijingisthecityhasgotthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGames.____thecity/getthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGameswhich/thatYeXinisanursediedinthefightagainstSARS.anurse/dieinthefightagainstSARSwho/that1.Thegirl_______issittinginthechairisagoodsinger.2.Theskirt__________Maryboughttwoyearsagoisold.3.Isthisthenovel__________youintroducedtome?4.Whereistheboy_______brokethewindow?5.Luckilynoneofthepeople_________Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.who/thatwhich/thatthat/whichwho/thatwho/whom限制性与非限制性定语从句限制性:不用逗号隔开对一个名词提供必要的信息，一说明定语从句所修饰的先行词的身份和性质。Idon’tlikepeople.Idon’tlikepeoplewhoareneverontime.Idon’tlikepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirwords.Therearetwofactors.Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Heisamanwhoisofvaluetothepeople.判断下面句子1Thosepeople,whothinkthatreadingselectivelyisbetter,believethatgoodbooksareasmanyasbadbooks.2somepeoplethinkthatitisanancientChinesecustomwhichshouldbepreserved.非限制性定语从句---用逗号隔开非限制定语从句用来提供附加的而非必要的信息，只是对先行词作进一步的解释，补充或说明。如果去掉定语从句，整个主句的意义一样很明确，不会引起误解和歧义。分类学习一专有名词如果定语从句修饰一个专有名词，一般要用逗号分隔先行词与定语从句。Mymother,whois50thisyear,liveswithmenow.Iaskedmymother,whois80,whethershe’deverseensnowinIraqbefore,andheranswerwasno.Beijing,whichisthecapitalofchina,hasdevelopedintoaninternationalcity.Hawaii,whichconsistsofeightprincipalislands,isafavoritevacationspot.二类指名词普通名词作为先行词的情况，普通名词若是用来表示类指，即表示的是同一类事物，而非具体的某一个事物，此时，用非限制性从句。Anelephant,whichistheearth’slargestlandmammal,hasfewnaturalenemiesotherthanhumanbeings.Oneoftheelephantswhichwesawatthezoohadonlyonetusk.(象牙)用或不用逗号，句义有差别在英文中，还有一类句子，用限制性或非非限制性定语从句都可以，但强调的意义不一样，即句义不同，试比较。Hehasadaughterwhoworksinahospital.Hehasadaughter,whoworksinahospital.Thefoodwhichwasn’tinthefridgeallwentoff.Thefood,whichwasn’tinthefridge,allwentoff.Thecabdriverswhoknewaboutthetrafficjamtookanotherroad.Thecabdrivers,whoknewaboutthetrafficjam,tookanotherroad.非限制性定语从句的翻译注意：现制定定语从句一般翻译成定语的形式……的，而非限定定语从句往往会译成各种状语形式。1Thefood,whichwasn’tinthefridge,allwentoff.(译成原因状语从句)食物都坏了,因为没有放在冰箱里.2TheAmbassadorgaveadinnertothescientists,withwhomheespeciallywishedtotalk.（译成原因状语从句）大使宴请了那些科学家,因为他特别想与他们交谈一下.3Thepeopleweredesperateforwork,anywork,whichcouldsupporttheirfamily.（译成条件状语从句）人们急于找到工作，什么工作都行,只要能养家糊口.4Themillionairehadanotherhousebuilt,whichhedidn’tneedatall.(译成让步状语从句)那位百万富翁又建了一幢房子,尽管他并不需要.定语从句与同位语从句的区分关键点：that引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别。二者在结构上有相似性，都是名词+that从句，这里的名词都称作先行词。1从结构上区分：that是否作成分。2从意义上区分：that引导的从句的意义不同。1从结构上区分：that是否做成分That在定语从句中要充当成分，比如作从句的主语或宾语；而that在同位语从句中不作任何成分，仅起连词的作用。也就是说：定语从句的结构是“名词+that+不完整的句子，”同位语从句的结构是名词+that+完整的陈述句例句分析:判断下列句子分别是什么从句。11）Therumorthathespreadeverywhereturnedouttobeuntrue.2）TherumorthatTomwasathiefturnedouttobeuntrue.21）Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.2)Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody.2从意义上区分：that引导的从句的意义不同。定语从句相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰，描述和限制的作用；同位语从句相当于一个名词，对其前面名词饿内容的具体表达，二者是同位关系。11)Thenewsthatyouheardisnottrue.2)ThenewsthatLincolnwasmurderedatatheateristrue.21)Thefactthatyoupointoutmademeinterested.2)Thefactthattherearenolivesonthemoonisknowntousall.思维训练请判断下列句子是定语从句还是同位语从句。Heturneddowntheproposalthatsheofferedatthemeeting.Hetu