分词作状语的用法

分词作状语的用法一、用作时间状语1.典型例句Seeingthecat,themouseranoff.见到猫，老鼠就跑了。Theworkfinished,hewenthome.工作做完后，他就回家了。2.理解技巧：通常可转换成时间状语从句When[Assoonas]themousesawthecat,itranoff.Aftertheworkwasfinished,hewenthome.3.高考实例When_______differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.(2006浙江卷)A.comparedB.beingcomparedC.comparingD.havingcompared二、用作原因状语1.典型例句Beingveryweak,shecouldn'tmove.她由于身体虚弱而不能行动。Hiscarbrokendown,hehadtowalk.他的车坏了，所以只好走路。2.理解技巧：通常可转换成由as,because,since,nowthat等引导的原因状语从句Asshewasveryweak,shecouldn’tmove.Becausehiscarwasbrokendown,hehadtowalk.3.高考实例(1)____withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.(2006四川)A.FacedB.FaceC.FacingD.Toface(2)______forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.(2006福建卷)A.BlamingB.BlamedC.ToblameD.Tobeblamed三、用作条件状语1.典型例句Workinghard,youwillsucceed.如果努力工作，你就可以成功。United,westand;divided,wefall.团结则存，分裂则亡。2.理解技巧：通常可转换成由从属连词if引导的条件状语从句Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.Ifweareunited,westand;ifwearedivided,wefall.3.高考实例______time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.(2003北京春)A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given四、用作让步状语1.典型例句Livingmilesaway,heattendedthecourse.虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。Defeated,heremainedapopularboxer.虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。2.理解技巧：可转换成由从属连词though,although,nomatter…等引导的让步状语从句Althoughhelivedmilesaway,heattendedthecourse.Thoughthewasdefeated,heremainedapopularboxer.3.高考实例Nomatterhowfrequently______,theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.(2006广东卷)A.performedB.performingC.tobeperformedD.beingperformed五、用作伴随状语1.典型例句Hesatinthechair,readinganewspaper.他坐在椅子上看报。Hecamein,followedbyhiswife.他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。2.理解技巧分词(短语)用作伴随状语时，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。3.高考实例Mycousincametoseemefromthecountry,____meafullbasketoffreshfruits.(06安徽)A.broughtB.bringingC.tobringD.hadbrought六、用作方式状语1.典型例句Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck.他靠开卡车谋取生。I'mreturningyouletterasrequested.我按要求给你退信。2.理解技巧分词(短语)用作方式状语与用作伴随状语的情形比较接近。有时用作方式状语的现在分词可以转换成bydoingsth的结构，如上面第一句也可换成：Heearnsalivingbydrivingatruck.七、用作结果状语1.典型例句Hefired,killingoneofthepassers-by.他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。Hedied,leavinghiswifewithfivechildren.他死了，留下他妻子和五个儿子。2.理解技巧：通常可转换成并列句Hefiredandkilledoneofthepassers-by.Hediedandlefthiswifewithfivechildren.3.高考实例Heglancedoverather,______thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.(2005广东卷)A.notingB.notedC.tonoteD.havingnoted注意：动名词引导的结果怎样往往是意料之中、顺其自然的结果，而结果状语有时也用不定式onlytodo引导，这种结果往往是意想不到的。例如Hehurriedtotheschoolonlytofindnobodythere.(结果)分词作状语时可分为以下几种形式：*doing：用来表示主动，且前后动作同时进行。Returninghomelater,myfriendlearnedthatthepolicehadbeentotheflat.*havingdone:用来表示主动,且动作发生在主句之前。Havingseenthefilmbefore,Idecidednottoseeitagain.*beingdone:用来表示被动,且前后动作同时进行。Beingquestionedbythepolice,hefeltfrightened.*done:用来表示被动且完成Destroyedinthestorm,thehousewillberebuilt.*havingbeendone:用来表示被动，而且强调动作持续一段时间或次数。Havingbeendefeatedthreetimes,hehadtogiveup.*否定形式：not/never+分词结构Notstudyinghard,hedidn’tpassthetest.Neverhavingtakenaplanebefore,hewasnervous.