Sentence-Stress--语句重音

SentenceStress语句重音（一）语句重音指的是人们在朗读连贯的语句时哪些词要重读哪些词不重读的规则。下面介绍的是有关语句重音的最一般的但却是最重要的规则：（一）在连贯的语句中需要重读的词有：名词、形容词、数词、实义动词、副词、某些代词（指示代词等）、疑问词、叹词等。这条规则可以用四个词来总结：实词重读。1)名词一般情况下名词在句中应重读。例如：Anelephantisananimal.(大象是一种动物)2)形容词一般都有语句重音。如：Hershirtisblueandwhite.(她的裙子是蓝、白色)3)数词分为基数词和序数词，两者在句中都应重读。例如：Johnisnine.(约翰9岁)Mysecondbrotherisadoctor.(我的二哥是个医生)4)实义动词实义动词有完整的意义，能在句中作谓语，一般都有语句重音。例如：Marylovesherdolls.(玛丽爱她的洋娃娃)Shesingswell.(她很会唱歌)5)副词大都在句中要重读。如：speaksEnglishslowlyandcarefully.(他说起英语来又慢又小心)（6）代词指具有语句重音的代词，如①指示代词：this,that,these,those②返身代词：myself,yourself,himself如：Hehimselfhurthisownfeet.(是他自己伤着了自己的脚)③不定代词：some,every,all,both,none,other,many,few,somebody,something等等。如：Everybodywaslate.(每个人都迟到了)Wearemany,theyarefew.(我们人多，他们人少。)Somearered,someareblue.(有一些是红色的，有些是蓝色的)④疑问代词：who,whom,whose,what,which等。如：Whoisthat?(那是谁?)Whosebagcanitbe?(这能是谁的包呢?)Whatwouldyouliketoeat?(你想吃点什么?)Whichisyoursister?(哪位是你的姐妹?)7)叹词叹词在句中一般都要重读。例如，Oh,it’ssnowing!(啊，在下雪。)Hey,that’saniceshot!(嗨，那是个好球!)My,whatadownpour!(哎呀，好大的雨啊!)Dearme!（表示惊讶：哎呀!）语句重音(二)(二)在连贯的语句中不重读的词有：1)冠词冠词有两种：①a(或an)②the,两者在句中一般都不重读。2）代词指没有语句重音的代词。如：①人称代词I,me,you,he,him,she,her等。②物主代词my,your,his,her,its,or,their3）动词指非实义动词如:①助动词be(am,is,are,were,was),shall(should),will(would)have(has,had),do(does,did)②情态动词can(could),may(might),must,haveto(hasto,hadto),shall(should),will(would),oughtto,dare,need,usedto等。这些情态动词在语句中一般没有重音。4）连词一般在句中不重读的连词有①等立连词，如：and,or,for,but；②比较连词，如：as,than③从属连词，如:（if,when,while,since,nowthat,asif(though等。5）介词介词（尤其是单音节介词）如出现在句子中间时一般不重读。常见的单音节介词有：at,by,for,from,of,to,into等。CONTENTWORDSFUNCTIONWORDSelectron,lens,radius,species,strataexpel,irrigate,maintain,revolve,transactcrucial,feasible,legal,obsolete,validannually,arbitrarily,optionally,pragmatically,theoreticallymine,yours,his,hers,theirsthis,that,these,those;e.g.Thislooksinteresting.who,what,when,wherenot,can't,isn'tthe,a,anbe,have,doI,you,s/he,we,theythis,that,these,those;e.g.Ilikethisuniversity.in,on,over,near,toand,because,yet,so上面讲解的只是语句重音的一般规则，但语句重音并不是一成不变的语音现象。根据说话时的不同心态、不同的着重点、不同的强调内容、不同的语气等可以使原来在句中应重读的词失去重音，而原来不重读的词却又成了重读的词。这些较为特殊、复杂的规则就无法在语音小常识中做详细的讲解，只能留到以后的学习阶段再来学习、探讨了。SentenceStressSincespeechismadeupofwordsstrungtogether,wemustalsolookatthesewordsingroups,inphrasesorinsentencesinordertoobservewhathappenstothestresspattern.Innaturalconnectedspeech,forvariousreasons,somewordsarestressed,othersarenot.Thestressinasentenceiscalledsentencestress(句重音).Sentencestresscanbeclassifiedintothreetypes:sensestress(表意重音),logicalstress(逻辑重音)andemotionalstress(感情重音).I.SensestressSensestressisaverycommonphenomenoninconnectedspeech.Thedistributionofsuchstressesissubjecttothemeaningthatthespeakerwishestoconvey.Innormalspeechweputstressonwordssemanticallyimportant.Suchwordsarecalledcontentorlexicalwords(实词),suchasnouns,adjectives,adverbs,notionalverbs,numerals,interjections,demonstrative,interrogativepronounsandtheabsoluteformofthepossessivepronouns;theunimportantonesarecalledformorstructuralwords(虚词或结构词),whichareusedtojointogether'thewordsthatcarrymeaning.Inunemphaticspeech,suchwordsareusuallyunstressed.Theyarearticles,monosyllabicprepositions,monosyllabicconjunctions,personalpronouns,possessivepronouns,reciprocalpronouns,reflexivesandrelativepronouns,auxiliaryandmodalverbsandverbtoBE.Examplesforwordswithsentencestress:1.Nouns'Johnisa'teacherfromAˋmerican.2.AdjectivesWhata'beautifulˋsight!3.AdverbsI've'seldom'methimˋrecently.4.NotionalverbsTheywould'die'ratherthanˋyield.5.Numerals'Twoplus'three'equalsˋfive.Hisad'dressis'forty-'sixˋLindenStreet.6.Interjections'Oh,it'sVwonderful!7.Demonstrativepronouns'Thisisourˋcollege.8.Interrogativepronouns'Whowas'thatontheˋphone?9.Theabsoluteformofpossessivepronouns'This'bookisˋmine.And'yoursisoverˋthereExamplesforwordswithnosentencestress:1.ArticlesHeisa'teacherofˋEnglish.Thisisthe'bookIˋwant.2.MonosyllabicprepositionsHewassur'prisedatherˋattitude3.Monosyllabicconjunctions'John,'Henryand'Robert'allˋwentbut'Peterˋdidn’t.4.Personal,possessive,reciprocal,reflexiveandrelativepronounsHe'taughtusˋEnglishHis'brotherismy'bestˋfriendLet'sˋlearnfromeachother.They'helponeanotherintheirˋwork.She'thoughtherself'betterthan'anyoneˋelse.'Doyou'knowthe'manwhois'sitting/there?5.AuxiliaryandmodalverbsTheyhavebeeninthe'countrysideˋrecently.Youmayˋgo'now.6.Link-verbtoBEHeisa'goodˋcomradeSpecialcaseswithnostressoncontentwords:1.Acontentwordwhichappearsforthesecondtimeinasentenceorinashortcontextisnotstressed:'How'many'timeshaveyoubeenˋthere?ˋThreetimes.He'thinksofthatasaˋchildthinks.2.Ifanounisprecededbyanotherqualifyingnoun,thesecondoneisoftenunstressed.Andthesetwonounsareoftenconnectedbythesense,actuallytheymaybeconsideredascompoundwords,e.g.'Thatisourˋclassroombuilding.I'metherattheˋrailwaystation.3.Toavoidrepetitionweoftenusesubstitutewords.Thesesubstitutewordsusuallyhavenosentencestress:—'Which'dictionarydoyouˋwant?—Thatˋsmallone.—'Willhe'cometomorrow?—ˋYes,Iˋthinkso.4.Whendemonstrativepronounsthis,that,these,thoseindicateveryweakdemonstrativenessandareonlytheequivalenttotheworditorthedefini