文体学分析Because-I-could-not-stop-for-death-a

BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath—Hekindlystoppedforme—TheCarriageheldbutjustOurselves—AndImmortality.Weslowlydrove—HeknewnohasteAndIhadputawayMylaborandmyleisuretoo,ForhisCivility—BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath—BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath—WepassedtheSchool,whereChildrenstroveAtRecess—intheRing—WepassedtheFieldsofGazingGrain—WepassedtheSettingSun—Orrather—HepassedUs—TheDewsdrewquiveringandchill—ForonlyGossamer,myGown—MyTippet—onlyTulle—BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath—WepausedbeforeaHousethatseemedASwellingoftheGround—TheRoofwasscarcelyvisible—TheCornice—intheGround—Sincethen—'tisCenturies—andyetFeelsshorterthantheDayIfirstsurmisedtheHorses’HeadsWeretowardEternity—BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath—•oneofthemostfamouswomenpoetsinAmerica•Shebeganwritingpoetryattheageof20,butmostofherearlypoemhasbeenlost.•EmilyDickinson'sinterestindeathwasremarkable,leavingmorethan500poemsonthesubjectofthedeath.•Manyofherpoemswerehalfrhymes.IntroductionofthepoetEmilyDickinson—•oneofthemostsignificantpoemofEmilyDickinsonintermsofthesubjectofdeath,oneofEmilyDickinson'smostfamousworks.•freeandeasy,showedusEmily`smeditationaboutdeath,explorationtolifeanddesireforeternity.IntroductionofthepoemBecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath—Dickinsondescribes“Death”asagentlemandrivingacarriage,whoisendowedwithfavorablehumanattributesofbeingkind.And“Immortality”isalsoapassengerinthecarriage.Thecarriagetrundlesalongataprettyrelaxedpace.BeingcontentwithDeath’spoliteness&charm,thewomanisdistractedfromherworkandfeltcompletelyateasewiththegentleman.Dickinsonispaintingasceneofwhattheyareridingby:theSchool,theFieldsofGazingGrains&theSettingSun,whichrespectivelysymbolizesherearlylife,themiddlestageoflife&thefinalstageoflife.Withthesungoingdown,thedewissettingin.Notwarmlywearing,sheisgettingchilly.Sheisrestatingthatthephasesofherlifehavepassedherby.DickinsondescribesgraveasaHouse.Suchdescriptionindicatesthatthepoetisquitecomfortableorateasewiththelocation.Thoughcenturieshavepassed,thepoetstillfeelsitjusthappenedyesterday.WithreferenceoftheHorse’sHeads,wereaderswillberemindedofthevisionmentionedinthe1ststanza.Analysisofthepoem•AtthePhonologicalLevel•AtthePhonologicalLevel•AtthePhonologicalLevel1th&2nd&3rdstanzas5th&6thstanzas1st&3rdlines→8syllables2nd&4thlines→6syllables1st&3rdlines→8syllables2nd&4thlines→6syllablesPoet’sfeelingtowardsDeathchangesthemoodofthepoemchanges4thstanzachangeHymn-likemeterSlantRhyme&PhonologicalLevel•AtthePhonologicalLevel•AtthePhonologicalLevelThewholepoemwithfourfeetiambicandthreefeetiambicappearsanalternatelayout,andtherhymeisnotstrict.This“notinstrict”rhyme,contrastingtothetraditionalmodeloftherhythmofpoetrycreation,reflectsDickinson`screativerebellionandmodernity.PhonologicalLevelthirdunstressedunstressedsecondstressedEachLineThefirstsyllablefourthstressedExample:.....1...............2...............3................4BeCAUSE|ICOULD|notSTOP|forDEATH,....1.................2……...........3HeKIND|lySTOPPED|forME;PhonologicalLevel•AtthePhonologicalLevel•AtthePhonologicalLevelBecauseIcouldnotstopforDeathHekindlystoppedformeTheCarriageheldbutjustOurselvesAndImmortality.PhonologicalLevele,y(theend):Off-rhymee(thebeginning):alliterationel:internalrhyme•AtthePhonologicalLevel•AtthePhonologicalLevelTherichuseofthepoemrhymeisaboundofchanges,increasingthebeautyofthemusicalityofpoetrytoreadcatchy,addingthelanguageofpoetryappreciationvalueandgivingthereaderauniqueaesthetictemperamentandinterest.PhonologicalLevel•AtthePhonologicalLevel•AtthePhonologicalLevel•AttheGraphologicalLevel◆20dashes(insteadofacommaoraperiod)sensethepoet’scomplicatedthoughtswrithinginherbrainpausethepoemandleavespacetothinkoverandtogoonFunctionsattractthereaders’attentiontothepoet’swaytoEternityWeretowardEternity——implythatthepoemisneverending,justaseternityisneverendingGraphologicalLevelCapitalizedWordsDeath,He,We,Us,Ourselves,Immortality,HisCivility,SettingSun,Eternity,etc.→concerningaboutthetheme:Death&ImmortalityTheywillcertainlystandout&appearinfrontofthereaders’eyesrepeatedly;→→slowthereadersdownalittle,makinguspausetoconsiderthewordratherthanbreezingthroughthepoem;GraphologicalLevel•AtthePhonologicalLevel•AtthePhonologicalLevel•AttheLexicalLevelsimple&plainwordsmoresolemn&seriouswords.labor,leisure,School,Grain,SunImmortality,Civility,Eternity→→describetheworldoflivingdescribeDeath&ImmortalityImmortalityEternity(1ststanza,lastline)(laststanza,lastline)ThearrivalofDeathisnotunpleasant;DeathmeansEternityLexicalLevel•AtthePhonologicalLevel•AtthePhonologicalLevel•AttheGrammaticalLevel◆omitthepredicate→Orrather—HepassedUs—TheDewsdrewquiveringandchill—ForonlyGossamer,myGown—MyTippet—onlyTulle—→FormyGown—wasonlyGossamer—myTippet—wasonlyTulle—◆changetheorderofthePredicativeandSubjectimplythearrivaloftheDeathmakestheatmospherechillyandcoldWiththecomingoftheDeath,fearanduneasebefallthepoet.thepoet’stemporalexistencemergeswiththespiritualuniverseGrammaticalLevel•AtthePhonologicalLevel•AtthePhonologicalLevel•AttheSemanticLevelMetaphorAlliterationImagismPersonificationAnaphoraPersonificationHeki