初中英语语法介词用法讲解与练习

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第1页共8页介词1.表示时间的介词:at,in,on,before,to,from,by,till,until,after,for,since等。2.表示地点,位置,方向的介词:next,to,in,infrontof,on,outof,at,above,over,into,near,between,under,up,across,by,down,from,around,behind,beside等3.表示原因,理由的介词:for,as,at,from等4.表示方式的介词:on,in,by,with等。常用介词辨析1.表示时间的in,on,at,after1)in的用法。用于早晨、下午、傍晚。Inthemorning/afternoon/evening用于月、年、季节等。InMarch,in1986,inspring用于一段时间后。Inaweek,inayear’stime,intwohours2)on的用法用于具体某一天。Onmybirthday,onthemorningofnextFriday,onJune6,onSunday,onNewYear’sDay用于描述性的时间。Onacoldnight,onawinterday3)at的用法用于具体的钟点。At12o’clock,athalfnine用于固定的搭配。Atlunch,atnight,atbreakfast,atnoon,atChristmas,atweekends,atthattime4)after表示在一点时间以后。Aftertwelveo’clock2.表示的地点的in,on,atin指大地方,at是小地点,in表示的是体,on表示的是面,at表示的是点。in可指内部,on可指“在…之上”Therearesixwindowsinthewall.墙上有6扇窗子。Therearefivepicturesonthewall.墙上贴着5幅画。3.表示方位的on,over,under,above,below.1)on,over,above指上方;under,below指下方;on指物体接触。2)over指正上方、above指斜上方、under指正下方、below指斜下方。Therewillbetwobridgesovertheriver.河上将有两座桥。4.between,amongBetween指两者之间,among指三者或三者以上。5.across,over,throughAcross表示从这一边到另一边的横过,over表示从空间通过,through则表示从内部空间穿过。Canyouswimacrossthelake?你能游泳过湖吗?6.with,in,byWith后跟工具,in后跟语言、材料等,by跟某种方式。Icanwritewithapen.我能用笔写。第2页共8页7.看似相同,但意义有别的词组。Atschool在上学Attheschool在学校Infrontof在…前边(外部)Inthefrontof在…前部(内部)Inclass在课上Intheclass在这个班Inbed在睡觉Inthebed在床上Inhospital住院Inthehospital在医院里Gotoschool去上学Gototheschool去学校用适当的介词填空1)Heknowseverything______________theschool.2)Heusuallygoesoutforawalk________lunch.3)Ihavelunch_________halfpasteleven.4)Pleaselook________theblackboard.5.Theywork____________8:00___________16:00.5)Whendotheygetup_________themorning?6)Willwego____________busor_________foot?7.Wehavelearnedalot_________you.7)Thecupwasbroken_________her.8)Whereareyou________?I’m_________Beijing.9)Weareworking_________thepeople.10)Itistime_________breakfast.11)Classbegins_________nine.12)Wecome______________differentpartsofAmerica.13)Shelives________herfather.14)Sheoftengetsup_________halfpastsix________themorning.15)Westayhere_________sixmonths.16)Youareleaving__________Shanghai.17)Hewasborn____________1986.18)Weusuallyhavemeetings___________Saturdayafternoon.19)Beijingisthecapital_________china.20)Haveacup_____________coffeeplease.21)XiaoLiwasborn___________March25,1991.I.介词的种类1.简单介词,常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without,to,by,with,of,over,behind,up,after,against等。2.复合介词,如,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,insteadof等。3.介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系(1)和动词的搭配,如agreewith,askfor,belongto,keepawayfrom,careabout等。(2)和形容词的搭配,如afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,goodat(3)和名词的搭配,如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,visitto等.第3页共8页***介词后常跟人称代词的宾格和动词的ing形式。II.某些介词的意义与用法区别1.at,on,in(表时间):at表示时间的一点;in表示一个时期;on表示特殊日子A.at后常接几点几分,天明,中午,日出,日落,开始等。如:atfiveo’clock(五点),atdaybreak(天亮),atnoon(中午)),atmidnight(半夜),atthebeginningofthemonth(月初),atthattime(那时),atthatmoment(那会儿),atthistimeofday(在一天的这个时候)。B.in后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季节,世纪等。如:in2006(2006年),inMay,2004(2004年五月),inthemorning(早晨/上午),intheafternoon(下午),intheevening(晚上),inthenight(夜晚),inthedaytime(白天),inthe21stcentury(21世纪),inthreedays(weeks/month)三天(周/个月),inaweek(一周),inspring(春季)。C.on后跟某日,星期几,某日的朝夕,节日等,即具体某一天极其早\中、晚.onSunday(星期日),onawarmmorninginApril(四月的一个温暖的上午),onaDecembernight(12月的一个夜晚),onthatafternoon(那天下午),onthefollowingnight(下一个晚上),onChristmasafternoon(圣诞节下午),onOctober1,1949(1949年10月1日),onNewYear’sDay.(特别提示):在last,next,this,that,some,every等词之前一律不用介词2.between,among(表位置)“在…..之间”A.between仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也可用between,如I’msittingbetweenTomandAlice.B.among用于三者或三者以上之间。如:Heisthebestamongthestudents.3.beside,besides,exceptbeside意为在…旁边,Hesatbesideme.besides意为除…之外,包括在内。Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis?except意为除…之外,不包括在内TheygotoworkinaweekexceptSaturday.4.inthetree,onthetreeinthetree,指动物或人等外来的东西在树上,onthetree,指果实或叶子等树本身长出来的东西5.ontheway,bytheway,inthiswayontheway指在路上,onone’swayto.....bytheway指顺便问一句inthisway用这样的方法,inthatway,inotherway,intheseways6.bybus,onthebusbybus是一般说法,固定搭配,onthebus特指乘某一辆车7.across,through,和past“通过,经过”across从表面经过,如,road,bridge,river第4页共8页through从内部空间经过,如:city,woods,forests,window,gatepast,从旁边经过.EX:Fillintheblankswithacrossorthrough.1.Wehavetowalk____________thegatetogointothefactory.2.Whenwewent__________thecinema,wesawatrafficaccident.3.Lookout___________thewindow,please.4.Don’twalk__________theice.It’sdangerous.5.Suddenly,ayoungmanran__________me.6.Ifyouwalk_________thesquare,youwillseetheSunflowerHotel.7.Therivergoes______________thecity.8.Theoldmancanswim__________thestream.9.Iwalked_________himwithoutsayinghello.10.Thearmymoved_____________theforestsquietly.8.on,above,over,“在…上”,up,A.on指在某物表面上,有接触点abookonthetableB.over指在某物垂直上方,无接触点,也可指覆盖在某物上,与under相对aclothoverthetable,afanoverthetableC.above指在某物的上方即可,不一定是垂直上方反义词为below,Thetemperaturetodayisabovezero.今天气温零度以上.D.up表示在往上的方向反义词downlookuptothesky抬头看天空11.in,after“……以后”A.“in+段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后,用在将来时态中.,常回答howsoon的提问.B.“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后,相当于一段时间+laterMymotherwillcomebackinthreeorfourdays.Hearrivedafterfivemonths.=Hearrivedfiveminuteslater.12.by,with,in,on表示方式,手段,工具,A.by以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具,或跟V-ing形式.B.wit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