(劳凯声)人文社会科学研究的问题意识-学理意识和方法意识

[]2008-11-16[](1948-),,,,:,,,,,(,100875)[],,,,,,,[];;;;[]G40[]A[]100220209(2009)0120005211,,;,,2080,,,,:??,,?[1],,,,,,,1012,100200,5()20091(211)(17241804),,,1920,,1902,,,(17761841),,,,,,1806,,,30,,[2](P721-736),,,,20,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,!,,,,?,,[3](P362)20,(18801936):,,,,:18;,19,,,,,,,,,,,[4](P314),,,,,1819,,,,science,6()20091(211)(acade2my),,150,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(noway)[5](P263-279),,,,,noway!?,,,,,,,,?noway,,,20,,,,,,,,,,70,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7,,,,?,,,,,,,,,:???,,,,,,,,,,,,:,[6](P510),,,:,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,2080,,,,,,,,,,,8()20091(211),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?:,;,;,,;,;,;,;,,,,,,,,:,:,[7](P242),,,,[7](P244-245),[8],,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,9,,,,,,;,;,,,,,,,,,,,,??,,,,2050,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,01()20091(211)(PiecemealTech2nology)(SocialTechnology),,,,??,,,,,,:PTTEEPP,TT,EE[9](P45):,,,,,,,,,,,,???,,,,,,?::,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(para2digm),,,,,,,,,?,,,11liberaleducation,liberaleduca2tion,,,liberaledu2cation,,,:,,liberaleducation,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,?,,,,?:,,,,,,,,,30,,30,,,?,?,,,,,207080,,-,,2090,21()20091(211),:,;,,,,,,,:,,,,,2019,,,:,:,:,2000:243-256,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,31,,19,,,,2060,,,80,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(groundedtheory),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,41()20091(211),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,[][1].[M].:,1999.[2].[G].:,1999.[3].[G].:,1989.[4].[M]..:,1988.[5]J.,.[M].,.:,1992.[6].:[M].:,2005.[7].[M].,.:,1986.[8].[M]..:,1999.[9].[M].,.:,1987.()ConsciousnessofProblem,PrincipleandMethodologyinHumanityandSocialSciencesResearchLAOKai-sheng(SchoolofEducation,BNU,Beijing100875,China)Abstract:Modernnaturalsciencescircumscribeditsowndisciplinaryscopebyassumingthedefinitenessofscientificcon2ceptionsandprovidedarationalstructureandstrictmethodologicalprinciple.Socialsciences,influencedbynaturalsciences,havealwaysbeentroubledbysuchanindefinitenessinthedevelopmentofthepastoveronehundredyears.Regularityis,however,anillusionaryunderstandingofdefinitenessforsocialsciences;itisareflectionofthemodernscientificviewthathasextendedovertosocialsciences.Socialsciencesshouldnotpursuetheassumptionsthatdonotexistinreality,butrevealtherelationofinterestbehindtheseeminglynaturalfactsandhenceaseriesofvalueselectionactivities.Socialsciencesarenotsciencesinthestrictsense.Rather,theyarespecializedresearchareas.Socialsciencesneedtosetupprofessionalre2searchconsciousnessdifferentfromthatofnaturalsciences,namely,theconsciousnessofproblems,principlesandmethod2ologies.Themethodologicalpropertyofsocialsciencesisthatregularityisuncertainbutthereisaroutinetofollow.Keywords:assumptionofdefiniteness;regularity;consciousnessofproblem;consciousnessofscientificprinciple;con2sciousnessofmethodology51