accaF4背诵课件-已修改

精品教学课件设计|Excellentteachingplan1.OFFER(anofferisdifinitepromisetobeboundonspecifictermsandmustbedistiguishedfromthemeresupplyofinformationanfromaninvitationtotreat)Inthelawofcontract,anofferisadefinitepromisetoanothertobeboundonspecificterms.Itiscapableof(能够)acceptancesoastoformabindingcontract.\\\Anoffercanbemadetoanindividual,aclassofpersonsortotheworldatlargeanditcanbeacceptedbytheconductoftheofferee(CarlillvCarbolicSmokeBallCo1893)thesmokeballmustprotecttheuserduringtheperiodofuse-theofferwasnotvague.Suchanofferwaspossible,asitcouldbecomparedtorewardcases.\\\Onceanofferhasbeenaccepted,abindingcontractiscreated.Eitherpartymaylegallyenforcethepromiseoftheother.SupplyofinformationAmeresupplyofinformationisnotanoffer,becausethereisnointentiontobebound.Forexample,statingtheminimumpricethatonewouldconsiderifasaleweretobeagreeddoesnotmakeanoffer(HarveyvFacey1893)Thedefendant’stelegramwasmerelyastatementofhisminimumpriceifasaleweretobeagreed.itwasnotanofferwhichtheclaimantcouldaccept.StatementofintentionSimilarly,amerestatementofintentionisnotanofferneither.advertisinganeventsuchasanauctionwilltakeplacedoesnotmakeanoffer.(HarrisvNickerson).2.INVITATIONTOTREATAninvitationtotreatisanindicationthatsomeoneispreparedtoreceiveofferswiththeintentiontoformabindingcontract.Thereisnobindingcontractuntilthisofferismadeand,inturn,accepted.AdvertisementsAnadvertisementofgoodsforsaleisusuallyanattempttoinduceoffers(PartridgevCrittenden1968)Displayofgoodsinashopwindowashopkeeperwasprosecutedforofferingforsaleanoffensiveweaponbyexhibitingaflickknifeintheshopwindow.InFishervBell1961,Thedisplayofanarticlewithapriceonitinashopwindowismerelyaninvitationtotreat.Itwasheldthatthiswasnotanofferforsale,butaninvitationtotreat.Auctionsales（拍卖）Anauctioneer’srequestforbidisnotanoffertoselltothehighestbidder,butaninvitationtotreat.Thebiditselfisanoffer,whichtheauctioneeristhenfreetoacceptorreject(PaynevCave1789).Invitationsfortenders(竞标)3.ACCEPTANCEOFANOFFERACCEPTANCEValidacceptanceofavalidofferisoneoftheessencialsofacontract\\\Anacceptancemustbeanunqualified(无条件的)agreementtothetermsoftheoffer.Acceptanceisgenerallynoteffectiveuntilcommunicatedtotheofferor,exceptwherethe‘postalrule’applies.Apurportedacceptancewhichintroducesanynewtermsisacounter-offer,whichhastheeffectofterminatingtheoriginaloffer(HydevWrench1840).Theoriginalofferof1000hadbeenterminatedbythecounter-offerof950.Aresponsetoanofferwhichisactuallyarequestforfurtherinformationwillnotformanacceptance.Acceptance‘subjecttocontract’Acceptance‘subjecttocontract’meansthattheoffereeisagreeabletothetermsoftheofferbutproposesthatthepartiesshouldnegotiateaformalcontract.Neitherpartyisbounduntiltheformalcontractissigned.MethodofacceptanceTheacceptanceofanofferismadebyapersonauthorisedtodoso,usuallytheoffereeorhisauthorisedagent.Insomecircumstance(CarlillvCarbolicSmokeBallCo1893),performanceoftheactrequiredbytheofferoradvertisementconsititutesanacceptacne.Theremustbesomeactonthepartoftheoffereesincepassiveinactionorsilenceisnotcapableofacceptance(FelthosevBindley1862)Theactionfailed.theclaimanthadnotitletothehorse.ThecommunicationofacceptanceAcceptanceisgenerallynoteffectiveuntilcommunicatedtotheofferor,exceptwherethe‘postalrule’applies,ortheofferorwaivestheneedforcommunication.Theofferormayspecifythesolemeansofcommunication,inwhichcaseonlycompliancewiththeirtermswillsufficePostalruleCommunicationofacceptancebymeansofpostissubjecttothepostalruleestablishedinAdamsvLindsell1818Theacceptancewasmade‘incourseofpost’（notimelimitwasimposed）andwassffectivewhenpostedon5Sep..Itprovidesthatwheretheuseofthepostiswithinthecontemplation(期望)ofbothparties,andtheletteriscorrectlyaddressedandstampedandputintothepost,theacceptanceiscompleteandeffectiveassoonasaletterisposted,eventhoughitmaybedelayedorevenlostinthepost.Theintentiontousethepostforcommunicaitonofacceptancemaybededucedfromthecircumstances.Iftheofferorspecifiesaparticularmeansofcommunication,thepostalrulemaynotapply4.REVOCATIONOFANOFFER精品教学课件设计|ExcellentteachingplanTheofferormayrevokeorcanceltheofferatanytimebeforeacceptanceunlessbyaseparateopinionagreement,theyagreetokeeptheofferopenforacertainperiodoftimeOnceaccepted,anoffercannotberevoked.oncerevoked,anofferisnolongeravailableforacceptance.MethodofrevocationTherevocationmaybebyexpresswordsorbeinferredfromtheconductoftheofferor,forexample,salingthegoodstoathirdparty.Whateverformittakes,therevocationisgenerallynoteffectiveuntilcommunicatedtotheofferee.Revocationcanbecommunicatedbyofferororbyareliablethirdparty(DickinsonvDodds1876)Thedefedantwasfreetorevokehisofferandhaddonesobysaletoathirdparty;theclaimantcouldnotacceptthepfferafterhehadlearntfromareliableinformantoftherevocationoftheoffertohim..PostalruleWhileapostalacceptanceofanofferisusuallyeffectivefromthetimeofposting,apostalrevocationofanofferisnoteffectiveuntilreceivedbytheofferee.Therefore,wherealetterofrevocationcrosseswithaletterofacceptanceinthepost,alegallybindingcontracthavealreadybeenformed.(ByrnevTienhoven1880)Theletterofrevocationco