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不景气slump（衰退recession）二板市场thesecondboardmarket中国创业板ChinaGrowthEnterpriseMarket首次上市IPOs(initialpublicoffering)市场资本总额marketcapitalization法人股institutionalshares内部股（非上市招股）privatecompanyshares牛市bullmarket法律风险legalrisk风险管理riskmanagement坚持严格的贷款标准maintainstrongunderwritingstandards六大风险risksin6keyareas(U.S.FederalReservecriterion)信用风险creditrisk供给学派supply-sideeconomist第一产业（农业）agriculture(primaryindustry)第二产业（工业）manufacturingindustry(secondaryindustry)第三产业（服务业）serviceindustry(tertiaryindustry)主要经济指标majoreconomicindicators国内生产总值GDPgrossdomesticproduct（商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出）国民生产总值GNPgrossnationalproduct（商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出）人均国内生产总值GDPpercapita宏观经济macroeconomy互助基金mutualfund扩大内需expanddomesticdemand改善居民心理预期inspirethegeneralpublic'sconfidenceinthefutureneeds鼓励增加即期消费encouragemoreimmediateconsumption长期国债long-termtreasurybonds支付国债利息toservicetreasurybonds财政赤字和债务deficitsandthenationaldebt按原口径计算calculateonthebaseline按不变价格计算calculateatconstantprice按可比价格计算calculateatcomparableprice列入财政预算支出listedinthefiscalbudget结售汇制度thesystemofexchange,settlementandsales经常项目顺差favorablebalanceofcurrentaccount,surplusofcurrentaccount开办人民币业务engageinRenminbi(RMB)business出口退税制度thesystemofrefundingtaxesonexportedgoods保证金台帐制度Depositaccountsystemforprocessingtrade分期付款paybyinstallment保值储蓄inflation-proofbanksavings抵押贷款collateralisedloans住房抵押贷款residentialmortgageloan货币主义者monetarist计划经济plannedeconomy指令性计划mandatoryplan技术密集型technologyintensive大规模生产massproduction经济林cashtree跟踪审计follow-upauditing流动性风险liquidityrisk操作风险operationalrisk内部审计internalaudit抛售bearsales配套政策supportingpolicies中国人民银行（中央银行）ThePeople’sBankofChina（centralbank）四大国有商业银行4majorstate-ownedcommercialbanks中国银行Bankofchina中国工商银行IndustrialandCommercialBankofChina（）and中国建设银行ConstructionBankofChina中国农业银行AgriculturalBankofChina招商银行ChinaMerchantsBank疲软股票softstock配股allotmentofshares实际增长率growthrateinrealterms年均增长率averagegrowthrateperannum投资回报率rateofreturnoninvestment外贸进出口总额totalforeigntradevalue实际利用外资incomingoverseascapital(investment)inplace消费价格指数consumerpriceindex(CPI)零售价格指数retailpriceindex（RPI）生活费用价格总指数totalpriceindexoflivingcost生活费用incomeavailableforlivingexpenses扣除物价因素inrealterms/oninflation-adjustedbasis居民储蓄存款residents’banksavingsdeposit恩格尔系数（食品开支占总支出的比例）Engelcoefficient基尼系数（衡量地区差别）Ginicoefficient购买力平价法purchasingpowerparity(PPP)（衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水平、收入水平的一种计算法，用相等的汇率比较两种货币各自的国内购买力）片面追求发展速度excessivepursuitofgrowth泡沫经济bubbleeconomy经济过热overheatingofeconomy通货膨胀inflation实体经济therealeconomy经济规律lawsofeconomics市场调节marketregulation优化资源配置optimizeallocationofresources规模经营优势advantageofeconomiesofscale劳动密集型laborintensive市场风险marketrisk收紧银根tightenupmonetarypolicy适度从紧的财政政策moderatelytightfiscalpolicy信用紧缩creditcrunch加强国有商业银行内部资金调度Instatecommercialbanks,internalcapitalallocationshouldbeimproved.合理划分贷款审批权限Limitsofauthorityforexaminingandapprovingloansshouldberationallydefined.保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款ensurefloatingcapitalloansforwell-performingandtrustworthyenterpriseswhichturnouttherightproductsfortherightmarkets启动民间投资attractinvestmentfromtheprivatesector适销对路的产品therightproducts/readilymarketableproducts国有企业state-ownedenterprises(SOEs)集体企业collectively-owned(partnership)enterprises私营企业privatebusinesses民营企业privately-runbusinesses中小企业small-and-medium-sizedenterprises三资企业（中外合资、中外合作、外商独资）overseas-investedenterprises;foreign-investedenterprises(Chinese-overseasequityjointventures,Chinese-overseascontractualjointventures,whollyforeign-ownedenterprises)存款保证金guarantymoneyfordeposits货币回笼withdrawalofcurrencyfromcirculation吸收游资absorbidlefund经常性贷款commerciallending经常性支出operatingexpenses再贷款re-lending;subloan支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资supportlargestate-ownedenterprisesandhighandinnovativetechnologycompaniesintheireffortstoseekfinancingbylistingonthestockmarket改制上市Anenterpriseisre-organizedaccordingtomoderncorporatesystemsothatitwillgetlistedonthestockmarket.进一步规范和发展证券市场furtherstandardizeanddevelopthesecuritiesmarket增加直接融资比重increasetheproportionofdirectfinancing完善股票发行上市制度improvethesystemforIPOandlistingonstockmarkets中国证监会ChinaSecuritiesRegulatoryCommission(CSRC)深圳证券交易所市ShenzhenStockExchange上海证券交易所ShanghaiStockExchange综合指数compositeindex纳斯达克（高技术企业板）NASDAQ（NationalAssociationofSecuritiesDealersAutomatedQuotation主板市场themainboard通货紧缩deflation中国现代化建设分三步走的战略thethree-stepdevelopmentstrategyofChina’smodernizationdrive第一步，到1990年国民生产总值比1980年翻一番StepOne:GDPof1990doublesthatof1980.第二步，到2000年人均国民生产总值比1980年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平StepTwo:GDPof2000quadruplesthatof1980;peopleliveafairlycomfortablelife.第三步，到21世纪中期建国100周年时，达到中等发达国家水平StepThree:Bytheyear2049,the100thanniversaryoftheP.R.C.,China’slevelofdevelopmentisexpectedtobeonparwiththemid-rankingdevelopedcountries与世界经济的联系将更加紧密bemorecloselylinkedtotheworldeconomy中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为现实的购买力ThehugemarketpotentialthatChinaenjoyswillbeturnedintotangiblepurchasingpower.适应市场经济需要的法律法规体系还不够健全Theregulatoryandlegalsystemisnotwellestablishedastoadapttothedemandofmarketeconomy.经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应Theeconomicmanagementsystemmaynotbereadilyadaptedtothechanges.一些行业和企业可能会受到冲击Somesectorsofeconomyandsomebusinessesmaybeadverselyaffected.立足中国国情，发挥自身优势proceedfromnati