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英语语言学试题（3）第一部分选择题Ⅰ.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)1.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis______.A.arbitraryB.non-arbitraryC.logicalD.non-productive2.AllthebackvowelsinEnglisharepronouncedwithrounded-lips,i.e.rounded,EXCEPT______.3.Thelevelofsyntacticrepresentationthatexistsbeforemovementtakesplaceiscommonlytermedthe______.A.phrasestructureB.surfacestructureC.syntacticstructureD.deepstructure4.Thetheoryof______accountsforthefactthatnounphrasesappearonlyinsubjectandobjectpositions.A.CaseConditionB.AdjacentConditionC.parameterD.Adjacentparameters5.Thephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameformiscalled______.A.polysemyB.hyponymyC.antonymyD.homonymy6.TheutteranceWe'realreadyworking25hoursaday,eightdaysaweek.obviouslyviolatesthemaximof______.A.qualityB.quantityC.relationD.manner7.Infirstlanguageacquisitionchildrenusually______grammaticalrulesfromthelinguisticinformationtheyhear.A.useB.acceptC.generalizeD.reconstruct8.Standardizationknownas______isnecessaryinordertofacilitatecommunications.A.languageinterpretationB.languageidentificationC.languagechoiceD.languageplanning9.Whichofthefollowingchoicesisnotthekeybiologicalbasisforhumanlanguageacquisition?______.A.CerebralcortexB.NeuronsC.EyesD.Angulargyrus10.Basicallyallthefollowingcategoriesexcept______arealwaysmissinginthechildren'stelegraphicspeechstage.A.thecopulaverbbeB.inflectionalmorphemesC.functionwordsD.contentwords第二部分非选择题Ⅱ.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)11.Languageexistsintimeandchangesthroughtime.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeiscalleda_s_______studyoflanguage.12.Anessentialdifferencebetweenconsonantsandvowelsiswhethertheaircomingupfromthelungsmeetswithany_o________whenasoundisproduced.13.Themorphemesthatcannotbeusedbythemselves,butmustbecombinedwithothermorphemestoformwordsarecalled_b________morphemes.14.XPmaycontainmorethanjustX.Forexample,theNPtheboywholikeshispuppyconsistsofDet,NandS,withDetbeingthe_s________,NtheheadandSthecomplement.15.AccordingtoSearle'sclassificationofillocutionaryacts,tosuggestthatsomeoneshouldseethedoctorshouldfallintothecategoryof_d________.16.Hyponymyistherelationshipwhichobtainsbetweenspecificandgenerallexicalitems.Thewordthatismoregeneralinmeaningiscalled_s________.17.Vowelscanbenasalized.Thevowelnasalizationruleisan_a________rule,which,forthemostpart,iscausedbyarticulatoryorphysiologicalprocessinwhichsuccessivesoundsaremadeidentical,ormoresimilar,tooneanother.18.Onemarkofaninformalstyleisthefrequentoccurrenceof_s________wordsandexpressions,whichmakesenseonlytothepeopleofparticularsocialgroupsandserveasamarkofmembershipandsolidaritywithinagivensocialgroup.19.Thebrainisdividedintotworoughlysymmetricalhalves,called_h________,oneontherightandoneontheleft.20.Linguistsoftenusethetermnativelanguageormothertongueinsteadoffirstlanguage,and_t________languageinsteadofsecondlanguageinsecondlanguageacquisitionliterature.Ⅲ.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.(2%×10=20%)21.()Humancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis,i.e.weareallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguageandthedetailsofalanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmitted.22.()Ageneraldifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonologyisthatphoneticsisfocusedontheproductionofspeechsoundswhilephonologyismoreconcernedwithhowspeechsoundsdistinguishmeaning.23.()Onlywordsofthesamepartsofspeechcanbecombinedtoformcompounds.24.()Sentencesarenotformedbyrandomlycombininglexicalitems,butbyfollowingasetofsyntacticrulesthatarrangelinguisticelementsinaparticularorder.25.()Thesamesemanticfeatureoccursinonepartofspeechonly.Forexample,femaleoccursonlyinnounssuchasmother,womangirltigressandsoonbutnotinotherpartsofspeech.26.()AccordingtoSearle'sclassificationofillocutionaryacts,inviting,ordering,advising,promisingandapologizingallfallintothecategoryofdirectives.27.()Newwordsmaybeformedfromexistingwordsbysubtractinganaffixthoughttobepartoftheoldword;thatis,ignorancesometimescanbecreative.Thuspeddlewasderivedfrompeddleronthemistakenassumptionthatthe-erwastheagentivesuffix.28.()WomeninWesterncountriesatleastappeartobemorestatus-consciousandsensitivetothesocialsignificanceofcertainlinguisticvariables.29.()ThecaseofGenieconfirmsthatthelanguagefacultyofanaveragehumandegeneratesafterthecriticalperiodandconsequently,mostlinguisticskillscannotdevelop.30.()Consciousknowledgeoflinguisticrulesdoesensureacquisitionoftherulesandthereforeanimmediateguidanceforactualperformance.Ⅳ.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.(3%×10=30%)31.narrowtranscription32.stem33.derivationalaffixes