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英语语言学试题（2）一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分)1.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are___.A.gradableoppositesB.relationaloppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms2.ThediscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar____.A.JacobGrimmB.RasmusRaskC.FranzBoppD.SirWilliamJones3.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas___.A.unusualB.somethingtobefearedC.abnormalD.natural4.___producefastandfluentspeechwithgoodintonationandpronunciationbutthecontentoftheirspeechrangesfrommildlyinappropriatetocompletenonsense,oftenasunintelligible.A.Broca'saphasicB.ThelinguisticdeprivationC.ThedamageontheangulargyrusD.Wernicke'saphasic5.SomeSouthernlearnersofEnglishinChinatendtosay“night”as“light”.Thisshows:___A.Theycannotpronounce/n/B.Interlangueinterferencebecausethereisnotthesound/n/intheirmothertongueC.TheteachersdonothaveagoodteachingmethodD.Theydonotliketopronouncenasalsounds6.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled__word.A.apolysemousB.asynonymousC.anabnormalD.amultiple7.Thefunctionofthesentence“Aniceday,isn'tit?”is__.A.informativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative8.ThemostrecognizabledifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharein__andvocabulary.A.usageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure9.__dealswiththewayinwhichalanguagevariesthroughgeographicalspace.A.LinguisticgeographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics10.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canbeexpressedas__.A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult二、填空题(每空1分，共10分)11.Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofw________toformacompletestatement,q________orcommand.12.Insociolinguisticstudies,speakersaretreatedasmembersofs____g________.13.Utteranceisbasedon________________;itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunication,orsimplyinacontext.14.Tomanypeople,alinguististhesameasa________,onewhocanspeakseverallanguagesfluently.15.Consonantsoundscanbeeitherv________orv____,whileallvowelsoundsarev________.三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并说明理由。每小题2分，共20分)16.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.()17.Tenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.()18.Linguisticsisthecourseoflanguage.()19.Thepartofasentencewhichcomprisesaninfiniteverboraverbphraseisgrammaticallycalledpredicate.()20.Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.()21.Thetermdialect,asatechnicalterminlinguistics,carriesvaluejudgementandnotsimplyreferstoadistinctformoflanguage.()22.Morphologyistranslatedas形态学。()23.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4morphemes.()24.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageisallomorph.()25.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics.()四、名词解释(每小题3分，共30分)26.generallinguistics27.suprasegmentalfeatures28.rootandstem29.hierarchicalstructure30.namingtheoryandconceptualistview31.maximsofqualityandmanner32.blending33.sociolect34.subvocalspeech35.contrastiveanalysis五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分)36.Paraphraseeachofthefollowingsentencesintwodifferentwaystoshowthesyntacticrulesaccountfortheambiguityofsentences.(1)Theshootingofthehuntersmightbeterrible.(2)Hesawyoungmenandwomenpresent.(3)Theyweresurprisedatthepresident'sappointment.37.Decidethemeaningofthefollowingaffixesandgiveeachaffixtwoexamples.re-un-anti-super--wise-itis-ize-age英语语言学试题（2）参考答案一、单项选择题(每小题2分，共20分)1.B2.D3.D4.D5.B6.A7.B8.C9.A10.B二、填空题(每空1分，共10分)11.wordsquestion12.socialgroups13.sentencemeaning14.polyglot15.voicelessvoicedvoiced三、判断说明题(每小题2分，共20分)16.T17.F(Senseandreference…)18.F(scientificstudyoflanguage)19.F(finiteverb…)20.F(diachronic)21.F(novaluejudgement)22.T23.T24.F(morpheme)25.F(oneoftheparts)四、名词解释(每小题3分，共30分)26.Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledgenerallinguistics.27.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.28.Thebaseformofaword;theexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeadded.29.Thesentencestructurethatgroupswordsintostructuralconstituentsandshowsthesyntacticcategoriesofeachstructuralconstituent,suchasNPandVP.30.Thewordsofalanguagearelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor;alinguisticformislinkedthroughconceptstowhatitrefersto.31.Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalseorwithoutadequateevident;Avoidobscurityofexpressionandambiguity,bebriefandorderly.32.Aprocessofforminganewwordbycombiningpartsofotherwords.33.Avarietyoflanguagesusedbyasocialclass.34.Thoughtwhenitisclosetolanguage.35.Acomparativeproceduretoestablishlinguisticdifferencesbetweenlanguagesforteachingpurposes.五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分)36.(1)thehuntersareshooting;thehuntersareshot;(2)youngmenandyoungwomen;youngmenand(notyoung)women(3)thepresidentappointsothers;thepresidentisappointed.37.re-:again,e.g.retype,reorganizeun-:not,reverse,e.g.unhappy,unlockanti-:against,anti-drug,anti-imperialismsuper-greaterthanusual,e.g.superpower,superman-wise:inthemannerof,e.g.clockwise,moneywise-itis:infection.e.g.bronchitis,arthritis-ize:makeinto,e.g.realize,modernize-age:process.e.g.mileage,linkage