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英语语言学试题（9）语言学试题及参考答案I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)1.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyof__________.A.aparticularlanguageB.theEnglishlanguageC.humanlanguagesingeneralD.thesystemofaparticularlanguage2.Theconsonant[f]inEnglishcanbecorrectlydescribedashavingthefollowingphoneticfeatures:__________.A.voiceless,bilabial,stopB.voiceless,labiodental,fricativeC.voiced,bilabial,stopD.voiced,labiodental,fricative3.Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffixedinthewordlearnedisknownasa(n)__________.A.derivationalmorphemeB.freemorphemeC.inflectionalmorphemeD.freeform4.InthephrasestructureruleS→NPVP,thearrowcanbereadas__________.A.isequaltoB.consistsofC.hasD.generates5.Iboughtsomeroses__________Iboughtsomeflowers.A.entailsB.presupposesC.isinconsistentwithD.issynonymouswith6.Y'sutteranceinthefollowingconversationexchangeviolatesthemaximof__________.X:Whowasthatyouwerewithlastnight?Y:Didyouknowthatyouwerewearingoddsocks?A.qualityB.quantityC.relationD.manner7.Changesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,__________,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.A.phrasesB.sentencesC.morphemesD.utterances8.Inaspeechcommunitypeoplehavesomethingincommon__________alanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguageandrulesforusingit.A.sociallyB.linguisticallyC.culturallyD.pragmatically9.Whichofthemajormentalfunctionslistedbelowisnotunderthecontrolofthelefthemisphereinmostpeople?__________.A.languageandspeechB.visualandspatialskillsC.readingandwritingD.analyticreasoning10.Ingeneral,the__________stagebeginsroughlyinthesecondhalfofthechild'ssecondyear.A.babblingB.one-wordC.two-wordD.multiwordⅡ.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)11.Asthefirststepoftheirscientificinvestigationoflanguage,linguistshavetoobserveandcollectlinguisticfbeforetheycandoanythingelse.12.Phonologicalrulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalledsrules.13.Anindependentunitofmeaningthatcanbeusedfreelybyitselfiscalledaf___________morpheme.14.Acsentencecontainstwoclausesjoinedbyalinkingword,suchasand,but,or.15.Thestudyofthelinguisticmeaningofwords,phrases,andsentencesiscalleds.16.Inmakingconversation,thegeneralprinciplethatallparticipantsareexpectedtoobserveiscalledtheCprincipleproposedbyJ.Grice.17.Inadditiontosocialchanges,oneofthemostpervasivesourcesoflanguagechangeseemstobethecontinualprocessofculturaltacrossgenerations.18.Languageitselfisnotsexist,butitsusemayreflectthesattitudeconnotedinthelanguagethatissexist.19.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtassspeech,andspeechasovertthought.Insuchacase,speakingandthinkingtakeplacesimultaneously.20.IisthelanguagethatalearnerconstructsatagivenstageofSLA.Ⅲ.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.(2%×10=20%)21.()Animportantdifferencebetweentraditionalgrammariansandmodernlinguistsintheirstudyoflanguageisthattheformertendedtoover-emphasizethewrittenformoflanguageandencouragepeopletoimitatethebestauthorsforlanguageusage.22.()InclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsandvowels,thesamecriteriacanbeapplied.23.()Wecanalwaystellbythewordsacompoundcontainswhatitmeansbecausethemeaningofacompoundisalwaysthesumofthemeaningsofitsparts.24.()Phrasestructurerulescangenerateaninfinitenumberofsentencesandsentenceswithinfinitelength,duetotheirrecursiveproperites.25.()Theconceptualistviewofmeaningholdsthatthereisnodirectlinkbetweenasymbolandreference,i.e.betweenlanguageandthought.26.()Oftheviewsconcerningthestudyofsemantics,thecontextualview,whichplacesthestudyofmeaninginthecontextinwhichlanguageisused,isoftenconsideredastheinitialefforttostudymeaninginapragmaticsense.27.()Infirstlanguageacquisitionchildren'sgrammarmodelsexactlyafterthegrammarofadultlanguage.28.()ThesentencesHecrazyandHebesickallthetimearebothacceptableinBlackEnglishvernacularbecausecopuladeletionandhabitualbearetwofamousfeaturesofBlackEnglish.29.()Speakersofdifferentlanguagesarecapableofdistinguishingandrecognizingexperiencesofthesameobjectiveworldaccordingtotheirrespectivedifferentlinguisticcodingsystem.30.()Instructionandcorrectionarekeyfactorsinchildlanguagedevelopment.Ⅳ.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.(3%×10=30%)31.synchroniclinguistics32.displacement33.aminimalpair34.derivationalaffixes35.syntax36.languagetransfer37.hyponymy38.sentencemeaning39.linguafranca40.cerebralcortexⅤ.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)41.ExplainsociologicaltriggersforlanguagechangebygivingatypicalexampleinthehistoryofEnglish.42.Explainbrieflythefourmainindividuallearnerfactorsthataffectalearner'sacquisitio