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英语语言学试题6I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)1.ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare'splayRomeoandJuliet'Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet'wellillustrates_______.()A.theartitrarynatureoflanguageB.thecreativenatureoflanguageC.theuniversalityoflanguageD.thebigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunication2TheconsonantvinEnglishcanbecorrectlydescribedashavingthefollowingphoneticfeatures___________.()A.voicelessbilabialstopB.voicelesslabiodentalfricativeC.voicedbilabialstopD.voicedlabiodentalfricative3.Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations,only_______ispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesofphonologyinEnglish.()A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk4.ThesentencethathasaNPandaVPcanbeshownina_______formulaS→NPVP.()A.hierarchicalB.linearC.treediagramD.vertical5.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze_______meaning.A.phonemeB.wordC.phraseD.sentence6.AccordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommit(promise)thespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled_______.()A.commisivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives7.Theterm_______linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.()A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparative8________referstotherelationshipbetweenamoregeneralwordandamorespecificone，suchasbetweencolor:red,green,blue,white,black.()A.SynomymyB.HyponymyC.PolysemyD.Homonymy9.“Iboughtsomeroses.”______“Iboughtsomeflowers.”()AentailsBpresupposesCisinconsistentwithDissynonymouswith10.A_______isaspeciallanguagevarietythatmixesorblendslanguagesanditisusedbypeoplewhospeakdifferentlanguagesforrestrictedpurposessuchastrading.Nobodytakesitashismothertongue.()AcreoleBdiglossiaCpidginDdialectⅡ.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(2%×10=20%)11.P________functionreferstolanguageusedforestablishinganatmosphereormaintainingsocialcontactratherthanforexchanginginformationorideas.12.Clear［1］anddark［ł］areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/1/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations,thustheyaresaidtobeinc__________distribution.13.Ar________isoftenseenaspartofaword,butitcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear,definitemeaning.14.S________referstothesamenessorclosesimilarityofmeaning.15.Thestudyofthelinguisticmeaningofword,phraseandsentenceiscalleds_________.16.Pairsofwordsthatexhibitthereversalofarelationshipbetweenthetwoitems,suchas“father”and“son”,arecalledr________antonyms.17.Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized,thatofanu________isconcreteandcontext-dependent.18.Inmakingconversation,thegeneralprinciplethatallparticipantsareexpectedtoobserveiscalledthec_____________principleproposedbyJ.Grice.19.Inmanysocietiesoftheworld,wefindalargenumberofpeoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage.Asacharacteristicofsocieties,b________inevitablyresultsfromthecomingintocontactofpeoplewithdifferentculturesanddifferentlanguages.20.TheGreatVowelShiftbeganaroundthedeathofChaucerin1400,EnglishlanguageusedatthattimeiscalledM________English.Ⅲ.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.(1%×10=10%)()21.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.()22.InEnglish,longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuchas/i:/,thelarynxisinastateoftension.()23.Acompoundisthecombinationofonlytwowords.()24.ThestudentinthesentenceThestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture.,andThelinguisticlectureinthesentenceThelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.belongtothesamesyntacticcategory.()25.Asociolectisalinguisticvarietyusedbypeoplelivinginthesamegeographicalregion.()26.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition,unlikeentailment,isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltrue.()27.Animportantdistinctionbetweentraditionalgrammarandmodernlinguisticsintheirstudyoflanguageisthattheformertendtoover-emphasizethewrittenformoflanguageandencouragepeopletoimitate“thebestauthor”forlanguageusage.()28.InclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsandvowels,thesamecriteriacanbeapplied.()29.Wecanalwaystellbythewordsthatacompoundcontainswhatitmeansbecausethemeaningofacompoundisalwaysthesumofthemeaningsofitsparts.()30.AnAmericanlinguistMartinJoos,inhisbookcalledTheFiveClocks,distinguishesfivestagesofformality,namely,intimate,casual,consultative,formalandfrozen.Ⅳ.Directions:Explainsixtermsofthefollowingtenones,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.(5%×6=30%)31.language32.duality(asadefiningfeatureofhumanlanguage)33.aminimalpair34.suprasegmentalfeatures35.inflectionalmorphemes36.backformation37.reference38.illocutionaryact39.ethnicdialect20.registerⅤ.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)41.Pleasedrawthetreediagramsofboththedeepstructurean