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:2003-05-08;:2003-06-23:863-13,(40072092)(CX020007):(1961-),,,燕守勋1,张 兵1,赵永超1,郑兰芬1,童庆禧1,杨 凯2(1.中国科学院遥感应用研究所,北京 100101;2.澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究院,勘探与采矿所POBox136,NorthRyde1670):矿物和岩石的系统光谱学研究是当今高光谱遥感发展的基础。在简要介绍了吸收光谱产生的电子过程和振动过程机理后,系统归纳了主要矿物类型和岩石类型的可见—近红外光谱特征。认为矿物的吸收光谱主要由二价、三价铁离子和过渡族元素的电子跃迁以及晶体场效应等电子过程产生;此外,还可以由水分子、Al-OH、Mg-OH、碳酸根的振动过程及卤化物的色心和硫化物的导带产生;岩石的吸收光谱都是杂质、包体、蚀变及替代成分产生的,主要为铁、水和羟基、碳酸根、硼酸根的光谱。最后指出,不同物理、化学环境下的矿物光谱特征变异研究在将来的高光谱遥感地质勘察中将变的更为重要。:矿物和岩石;可见—近红外光谱:TP79:A:1004-0323(2003)04-0191-111 引 言(Spectroscopy)17,811123233351232,2 矿物光谱吸收机理,,(Electrons)(CrystalFields),(MolecularVibrations)(CrystalFieldEffects)(ChargeTransfer)(Semiconductor)(ColorCenters)(Ion),,,,,Fe2+Fe3+Mg2+Al3+,Fe-O(Ultraviolet)(BandGap),(IncomingPhotons)(ValenceBand)(ConductionBand),,,CaF2F,,,,2.5Lm,Si-OAl-O10LmH2O2.66Lm2.74Lm6.08Lm318420038REMOTESENSINGTECHNOLOGYANDAPPLICATIONVol.18No.4Aug.20032.1(1),:Fe2+:1.01.1Lm,0.55Lm,0.51Lm,0.43Lm,0.45Lm,1.81.9Lm;Fe3+:0.87Lm,0.7Lm,0.52Lm,0.49Lm,0.45Lm,0.40Lm;Ni2+:1.25Lm,0.75Lm,0.4Lm;Cu2+:0.8Lm;Mn2+:0.34Lm,0.37Lm,0.41Lm,0.45Lm,0.55Lm;Cr3+:0.4Lm,0.55Lm,0.7Lm;Ti4+:0.45Lm,0.55Lm,0.60Lm,0.64Lm;La2+:0.8Lm,0.75Lm,0.6Lm,0.5Lm(2)()(3)(,,)2.2:(1):1.875Lm,1,454Lm,1.38Lm,1.135Lm,0.942Lm1.4Lm1.9Lm(2):Al-OH2.2Lm,Mg-OH2.3Lm(3):2.55Lm,2.35Lm,2.16Lm,2.00Lm,1.90Lm3 矿物的可见-近红外光谱3.1,;:(1)(),:(MgFeMnCa)SiO4,1.06Lm,0.82Lm,1.3Lm,0.4Lm,0.5Lm,0.630.65Lm;0.37Lm,0.415Lm,0.45Lm,0.55Lm;0.73Lm11(Lm)(Lm)(Lm)1.4LmOH(Lm)1.9LmH2O(Lm)Al-O-H(Lm)Mn3Al2(SiO4)31.275,1.70.8,0.90.41Mn2+,0.370.430.55Fe2+Fe3+Mn2+Fe3Al2(SiO4)31.28,1.70.7,0.850.370.430.51,0.57Fe2+Fe3+Ca3(Fe3+,Ti)(SiO4)30.86,0.45,0.625,0.5,0.37Ca3Al2(SiO4)21.00.80.6,0.43Fe2+,Fe3+AlO(SiO4)AlO(SiO4)Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)21.41.92.15,2.2(Fe2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)9O6(SiO4)41.05,CaB(SiO4)(OH)1.02,1.26,1.48,1.70,1.74,1.80OH;2.1,2.5OH,B-OCaTiO(SiO4)(2)2(3)3(4)4(5)53.2,;,,(6)192182Al2O.OH(Si2O7)(SiO4)0.460.480.550.81.0Lm1.551.851.952.35LmOHCa2(AlOH)Al2(SiO4)30.430.53Lm1.681.851.92.32.352.48LmOH(Ca,Mn,Ce,La,Y,Th)2(Fe2+,Fe3+,Ti)(Ai,Fe3+)2O.OH(Si2O7)(SiO4)Ca10(Mg,Fe)2Al4(SiO4)5(Si2O7)2(OH)40.950.75Lm1.41.441.92.22.37LmOH(Ca,Fe2+,Mn)Al2(BO3)(S4O12)(OH)1.2LmAl3(Mg1Fe2+)(Si5AlO18)0.95Lm(Mg,Fe,Mn,Li,Al)3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH,F)41.10.75Lm2.22.4LmOHB-OCuSiO3.nH2O0.75LmCu2+1.421.922.23LmOH3(Lm)(Lm)(Lm)1.4LmOH,1.9LmH2OAl-O-H(Lm)Mg-O-H(Lm)(Mn,Fe,Ca)(Si3)1.040.35,0.37,0.42,0.551.4,1.9CaMg(Si2O6)1.070.45,0.651.4,1.9(Ca,Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+,Ti,Al)2(Si,Al)2O61.02.3(Li,Al)Si2O6Ca(Mg,Fe3+,Al)(Si,Al)2O61.050.85,0.45NaAlSi2O61.00.8(Mg,Fe2+)7(Si8O22)(OH,F)20.950.65,0.475,0.3751.42.32,2.4OH(Mg,Fe2+)5(Si8O22)(OH)20.95,1.00.861.42.22.4OHCa(Mg,Fe2+)5(Si8O22)(OH,F)21.030.631.42.32,2.38OHCa2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH,F)21.051.92.35Ca(Mg,Fe2+)5(Si8O22)(OH,F)21.00.751.4,1.92.322.381.00.71.4,1.92.322.38Na2Fe2+Fe3+(Si8O22)(OH,F)20.9750.71.42.22.35Na2Mg3Al2(Si8O22)(OH)20.61.0,1.4,1.92.321.00.71.4,1.92.33Li2(Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)(Si8O22)(OH,F)21.00.71.42.35Na2Ca(Mg,Fe2+,Mn,Fe3+Al)5(Si8O22)(OH,F)21.42.322.381934:3(Lm)(Lm)(Lm)1.4LmOH,1.9LmH2OAl-O-H(Lm)Mg-O-H(Lm)(Ca,Na,K)2-3(Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+,Al)5Si6(Si,Al)2O22(OH,F)21.00.72.332.44(Lm)(Lm)(Lm)1.4LmOH,1.9LmH2OAl-O-H(Lm)Mg-O-H(Lm)Al4(Si4O10)(OH)81.43,1.48,1.91.77,2.2Al4(Si8O20)(OH)40.71.4,1.92.2,1.0,2.3Al4(Si4O10)(OH)8Al4(Si4O10)(OH)84H2O1.41.92.21.0(1/2Ca,Na)0.7(Ai,Mg,Fe)4(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4nH2O1.41.92.25Al4(Si4O10)(OH)81.41.92.162.172.2,,Mg6(Si8O20)(OH)41.01.41.92.32Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)40.65,0.451.42.340.81.42.34(K,Na,Ca)(Al,Fe,Mg)4(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4.nH2O1.41.92.22.34K2(Li,Al)5.6(Si6.7Al2.1O20)(OH,F)40.8,0.55,0.451.41.28,1.33,2.03,2.14,2.2,2.35,2.45K2Al4(Si6Al2O20)(OH,F)40.9,0.441.42.2,2.35,2.45K2(Mg,Fe2+)(Si6Al2O20)(OH,F)41.41.38,2.2,2.325,2.3855(Lm)(Lm)(Lm)1.4LmOH,1.9LmH2O,Al-O-H(Lm)CaAl2Si2O81.4,1.9,2.35KALSi3O80.551.41.9,2.2,2.5BaAl2Si2O81.41.9,2.2,2.361.41.9,2.2NaAlSi3O81.00.651.41.9,2.2KAlSi3O81.41.9,2.2(Na,K)(AlSi3O8)(Na,Ca)7-8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4,Ca)1.5-2.015H2O1.4,1.9(Na,Ca)4-8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,S)1-20.61.4,1.9,2.5Na8(Al6Si6O24)Cl20.61.9(Na,Ca,K)4Al3(Al,Si)3Si6O24(Cl,F,OH,CO3,SO4)1.00.61.4,1.92.35(Na,Ca)4-8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,S)1-2194185(Lm)(Lm)(Lm)1.4LmOH,1.9LmH2O,Al-O-H(Lm)(Ca,Na2,K2)(Al2Si3O10).2H2O0.985,1.17,1.44,1.92Na2(Al2Si3O10)2H2O0.985,1.19,1.165,1.441.95,2.2,2.44SiO26(Lm)(Lm)Cu2+,Mn2+(Lm)Fe2+(Lm)2CuCO3.Cu(OH)21.9(?)-2.052.28-1.45,1.95,2.35,2.50.8,0.52CuCO3.Cu(OH)2---2.292.520.8,0.52CaCO31.882.02.16(2.3)2.35(2.5)2.55CaMg(CO3)21.861.871.992.142.162.332.342.53MgCO31.841.962.132.312.51MnCO31.902.022.172.372.570.34,0.37,0.41,0.45,0.55FeCO31.92-2.172.352.561.1ZnCO3-2.01-2.372.57SrCO31.892.022.182.362.56BaCO31.922.052.212.392.603.3,;,(7)7-OH(Lm)Fe2+(Lm)Fe3+(Lm)(Lm)Mg(OH)20.74,0.96,1.4,2.32,2.49SnO2BeAl2O40.8Al2O30.55,0.45,1.10.4,0.740.7Cr3+Cu2OCu+0.85,0.57,0.62AlH2O1.4,1.8Al(OH)31.0,1.45,2.3FeHO20.9Fe2O30.9FeTiO31.5Ti3+2.02Fe2O3.3H2O1.4,1.90.9Fe2+Fe3+O41.0MnO2MnO2(OH)TiO2ZnO3.4,;(8)3.5,1954:;(9)8OH(Lm)(Lm)KAl3(SO4)2(OH)61.01,1.45,1.775,2.17,2.33,1.35,2.0,2.5FeAsSBaSO4SrSO40.6Cu2S0.85Cu+HgS0.6CoAsSCu3AsS4PbS2.3CaSO4.2H2O1.0,1.2,1.45,1.55,1.9,2.2,2.5Pb4FeSb6S140.9KFe3(OH)6(SO4)21.4,1.9,2.50.9Fe3+FeS21.0Fe2+MoS20.9NiAsSAg3AsS3Ag3SbS3FeS2Fe1