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Unit5language1Part1ListeningIEveryculturehasitsownwayofsayingthings,itsownspecialexpressions.Thesearethelivingspeechofapeople.ThesoapexpressionsinEnglisharejustoneexample.Soapoperasareradioandtelevisionplaysabouttheproblemsandemotionsinhumanrelationships.Theyarecalledsoapoperasbecausethefirstprograms-yearsago-werepaidforbysoap-makingcompanies.Likemusicaloperas,soapoperasarenotaboutrealpeople.Andcriticschargethattheydonotrepresentabalancedpictureofreallife.Theynotethatalmosteveryoneinasoapoperahasaseriousemotionalproblem,orisguiltyofacrime.Andthereareseveralcrisesineveryprogram.Yet,soapoperafansdonotcareaboutwhatthecriticssay.Theylovetheprogramsandwatchthemeveryday.SuchloyaltyhasmadesoapoperasverypopularintheUnitedStates.Infact,Afewprogramsaresopopularthattheyhavebeenproducedwiththesameactorsformanyyears.Anotherexpressionthatusesthewordsoapis“soapbox”.Therewasatimewhensoapandotherproductswereshippedinwoodenboxes.Theboxesweresmall,butstrong.Youcouldstandononetoseeovertheheadsinacrowdortobeseeninacrowd.Soapboxeswereasimple,easywaytomakeyourselftallerifyouwantedtogiveapublicspeech.Suchsoapboxspeechesusuallywerepoliticalandone-sided.Thespeakersshoutedtheirideastoanyonewhowalkedby.Manytalkedforhoursrefusingtogetofftheirsoapboxes.Today,youdon’tneedawoodenboxtomakeasoapboxspeech.Anyone,anywhere,whotalksendlesslyaboutacauseissaidtobeonasoapbox,.Another,quieterwaytowinsupportorgaininfluenceisto“soft-soap”aperson.Thismeanstousepraiseorotherkindwordstogetthepersontodowhatyouwant.Exercise11.plays，realpeople，reallife，emotionalproblem，popular2.publicspeech,makethemselvestaller,political,one-sided3.soft-soap,praise,kindExercise2FFTTTTListeningIIA:DoyouthinklearnersshouldtrytospeakEnglishwithanative-speakerpronunciation?B:That'sadifficultquestiontoanswer.Ithinkthemostimportantthingistobeunderstoodeasily.Formostlearners,it'snotnecessaryordesirabletospeaklikeanativespeaker.Forsomelearners,forexample,thosewhoeventuallywanttoteachEnglish,orbeinterpretersperhaps,anative-speakerpronunciationistheultimategoal.Atleast,that'swhatIthink.A:ChildrenoftendonotwanttospeakEnglishwithanative-speakerpronunciation.Whynot?B:Ingeneral,childrenaresplendidmimicsandimitatestrangesoundsveryeasilyandwell.However,itistruethatmostchildrendonotwanttosoundEnglishwhentheyarespeakingEnglish.ThismaybepartlyduetoshynessbutIthinkthemainreasonisthatmostchildrenwanttobelongtoagroup—theydressalike,listentothesamemusic,sharethesameopinionsandhobbies.EvenifachildcanspeakEnglishlikeanativespeaker,heorshewillusuallychoosenotto—unless,ofcourse,therestofthegroupspeakswithanative-speakerpronunciationtoo.A:Whatisthemainreasonwhyadultsfindpronunciationdifficult?B:Numerousreasonshavebeenofferedforthedifficultieswhichmanyadultsfindwithpronunciationand,nodoubt,thereissometruthinallofthese.Itseemstobethecasethatchildrenarebettermimicsthanadults.Butifanadultreallywantstoachieveanative-speakerpronunciation,thenheorshecan.ItisNOTthestudent'sownlanguagethatpreventshimorherfromachievinganative-speakerpronunciationinEnglish.Itisthefactthattheadultstudenthasastrongsenseofnationalidentity.Inotherwords,heorshewantstobeidentifiedasaGermanorBrazilianspeakingEnglish.Inmyopinion,thissenseofnationalidentityismoreimportantthanotherexplanations,suchasthegreateranxietyofadultsortheeffectoftheirownlanguagehabits.Exercise11C2A3DExercise21.beunderstoodeasily2.necessary,desirable3.splendid4.prevent,fromachieving5.anxiety,effectListeningIII(Dr.Mallardisanexpertonbilingualeducation.Shehasashowonradiothroughwhichsheanswersquestionsfromparentsabouthowtoraisetheirchildrentobebilingual.)Dr.Mallard:Hello,sir.Youareonair.John:Oh,hello.Dr.Mallard?Dr.Mallard:Yes,HowmayIhelpyou?John:Dr.Mallard,mynameisJohn.MywifeMariaandIjusthadourfirstbabygirl.Dr.Mallard:Congratulations,John.Youmustbeveryexcited.John:Yes,weareindeed.HereiswhyIcalled.MariaisfromPeru,andspeaksfluentSpanishandfairlygoodEnglish,dependingonthesituation.IamanativeEnglishspeakerandIalsospeakalmostfluentSpanish.WeliveintheU.SandcommunicateinSpanishathome95%ofthetime.Dr.Mallard:Isee.Pleasegoon.John:Myquestionisthis:howshouldwecommunicateinordertoensurethebilingualsuccessofourchild?Dr.Mallard:OK.FromwhatyoutoldmeIguessyouandyourwifehavealreadystartedusingmostlySpanishwithyournewborngirl.Isthatcorrect?John:Yes.IthinkusingSpanishwithherjustfeelskindofnaturaltobothofus.Dr.Mallard:Thatisfine,becauselanguageuseswithinafamilyshouldbenatural:weusethelanguagestobuildafamilyrelationship,notto“teach”thelanguages.John:ButisitreasonabletoassumethatourbabywillbeexposedtoenoughEnglishintheworldoutsideourhouseandthereforeitwillbeOKforustospeaktoheralmostsolelyinSpanish?Dr.Mallard:Well,inmyopinion,yes.AndIalsobelievethatyourbabywillhavealotofexposuretoEnglishathomeaswell.ShewilllistentonotonlymusicandtalkontheTV,butalsorelativeandfriendswhoarevisitingortelephoning.Besides,shemayalsohaveEnglishinputfromyouyourself:forexample,youmaywanttosingtohertheEnglish-languagenurseryrhymesthatyourememberfromyourownchildhood.John:Ok.Thatreallyeasesmymind.Thankyousomuch,Dr.Mal