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文学史习题1.Whatisthethemeof“Aredredrose”?ThethemeofARed,RedRoseisthepraiseoflove,thetrueandeverlastinglove.RobertBurnsisleavinghisloveandintendstoreassureherofhisfidelityandloveforherinhisabsence.Thepoemexpresseslove,butitdoesnottrytostirupdeepfeelingsofpassion,instead,itremindsreadersoflove,makingthespeaker'sfeelingssoundmoretheoreticalthanreal.Inthefirststanza,thewordLuveisusedtwiceasapronoun,describingaparticularpersonthatthespeakerhasinmind.Bytalkingaboutthisperson,thepoetdrawsattentiontotheotherpersonandtohowherelatestothatperson,ratherthanexamininghisownemotions.Thisraisestheimpressionthattheloveaffairmightbemoreforshow,fortheapprovalofotherpeople,thanfortheexperienceofit.InARedRedRoseBurnsistellinguswhattheepitomeofloveistohim.Thesimilesheusesaremeanttoshowusthegrandnessoflove.Hecompareshislovetoaroseandtoamelody,showingusthatloveisbeautifulandprecious.Burnsalsoshowsushowloveisnotfleeting;thatifitreallyisloveitwillalwaysbetherenomatterhownearorfarthetwopeoplemaybefromeachother.Thevividimages,directsimiles,simpleexpressions,andregularmetersandrhymemakethispoempopularbeyonduslatergenerations.名词解释：9个1.Romance（名词解释）Romance:Anyimaginationliteraturethatissetinanidealizedworldandthatdealswithaheroicadventuresandbattlesbetweengoodcharactersandvillainsormonsters.Romanticism:Amovementthatflourishedinliterature,philosophy,music,andartinWesterncultureduringmostofthe19thcentury,beginnigogom.2.Ballad（名词解释）Ballad:Astorytoldinverseandusuallymeanttobesung.Inmanycountries,thefolkballadwasoneoftheearliestformsofliterature.Folkballadshavenoknownauthors.Theyweretransmittedorallyfromgenerationtogenerationandwerenotsetdowninwritinguntilcenturiesaftertheywerefirstsung.Thesubjectmatteroffolkballadsstemsfromtheeverydaylifeofthecommonpeople.Devicescommonlyusedinballadsaretherefrain,incrementalrepetition,andcodelanguage.Alaterformofballadistheliteraryballad,whichimitatesthestyleofthefolkballad.Ballad（民谣）：itisasong,transmittedorally,whichtellsastory.Itoriginatedandwascommunicatedorallyamongilliterateoronlypartlyliteratepeople.Itexistsinmanyvariantforms.Themostcommonstanzaform,calledballadstanzaisaquatraininalternatefour-andthree-stresslines;usuallyonlythesecondandfourthlinesrhyme.AlthoughmanytraditionalballadsprobablyoriginatedinthelateMiddleAge,theywerenotcollectedandprinteduntiltheeighteenthcentury.Balladstanza:Atypeoffour-linestanza.Thefirstandthirdlineshavefourstressedwordsorsyllables;thesecondandfourthlineshavethreestresses.Balladmeterisusuallyiambic.Thenumberofunstressedsyllablesineachlinemayvary.Thesecondandfourthlinesrhyme.3.Heroiccouplet(名词解释)HeroicCouplet（英雄双韵体）referstolinesofiambicpentameterwhichrhymeinpairs:aa,bb,cc,andsoon.Theadjective“heroic”wasappliedinthelaterseventeenthcenturybecauseofthefrequentuseofsuchcoupletsinheroicpoemsanddramas.ThisverseformwasintroducedintoEnglishpoetrybyGeoffreyChaucer.FromtheageofJohnDrydenthroughthatofSamuelJohnson,theheroiccoupletwasthepredominantEnglishmeasureforallthepoetickinds;somepoets,includingAlexanderPope,useditalmosttotheexclusionofothermeters。4.Renaissance（名词解释）Renaissance:Thetermoriginallyindicatedarevivalofclassical(GreekandRoman)artsandsciencesafterthedarkagesofmedievalobscurantism。Theriseofthebourgeoisiesoonshoweditsinfluenceinthesphereofculturallife..TheresultisanintellectualmovementknownastheRenaissance,ortherebirthofletters.ItsprangfirstinItalyinthe14thcenturyandgraduallyspreadalloverEurope.5.Sonnet（名词解释）Sonnet:Afourteen-linelyricpoem,usuallywritteninrhymediambicpentameter.Asonnetgenerallyexpressesasinglethemeoridea。6.Blankverse（名词解释）Blankverse:Versewritteninunrhymediambicpentameter7.Enlightenment（名词解释）Enlightenment:Withtheadventofthe18thcentury,inEngland,asinotherEuropeancountries,theresprangintolifeapublicmovementknownastheEnlightenment.TheEnlightenmentonthewhole,wasanexpressionofstruggleofthethenprogressiveclassofbourgeoisagainstfeudalism.Theegogoinequality,stagnation,prejudicesandothersurvivalsoffeudalism.Theattemptedtoplaceallbranchesofscienceattheserviceofmankindbyconnectingthemwiththeactualdeedsandrequirementsofthepeople.8.Classicism（名词解释）Classicism:Amovementortendencyinart,literature,ormusicthatreflectstheprinciplesmanifestedintheartofancientGreeceandRome.Classicismemphasizesthetraditionalandtheuniversal,andplacesvalueonreason,clarity,balance,andorder.Classicism,withitsconcernforreasonanduniversalthemes,istraditionallyopposedtoRomanticism,whichisconcernedwithemotionsandpersonalthemes.9.Sentimentalism（名词解释）Sentimentalism:Atrendofthoughtbeingsatthesecondhalfof18thcenturyduringtheagoofEnlightenmentinEngland.Sentimentalismcameintobeingasaresultofabitterdiscontentonthepartofcertainenlightenersinsocialreality。TherepresentativewasThomasGray.10.Neoclassicism:Arevivalinthe17thagogooforder,balance,andharmonyinliterature.11.Pre-Romanticism:ItoriginatedamongtheconservativegroupsofmenandlettersasareactionagainstEnlightenmentandfounditsmostmanifestexpressioninthe“Gothicnovel”.Thetermarisingfromthefactthatthegreaterpartofsuchromancesweredevotedtothemedievaltimes.Renaissanceisco