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•StripedEelCatfish（条纹鳗鲶鱼)•PhotographybyTanawatLikitkererat,MyShot•Eachstripedeelcatfishisarmedwithvenomous（分泌毒液的）spines(体刺）onitsdorsal（背部的）andpectoralfins（胸鳍）thatcandeliveraverypainfulsting—thoughonerarelyfataltohumans.StargazerFish•Usingitspectoralfinsasshovels（铲车）,thestargazerfishdigsintotheseafloorsand,leavingitseyesandmouthexposedtospotandeatpassingprey（被捕食的动物）.ReefStonefish–Thereefstonefishisamasterofcamouflage（伪装）oftenmistakenforacolorfulrockorchunkofcoral—anabilitythathelpsittoambush（埋伏）passingfishandcrustaceans（甲壳类）.Whenthreatenedthestonefishhunkers（盘坐）downandbrandishes（挥舞）dorsalfinspinesloadedwithoneofthemosttoxicvenoms（毒液）foundinanyfish—andonepotentiallydeadlytohumans•Blue-RingedOctopus•蓝圈章鱼•Thebacteriaproducepotentneurotoxins（神经毒素）thatcankillahumaninjustafewminutesyetappeartohavenoharmfuleffectontheoctopus.Thistoxicsaliva（唾液）,injectedthroughshellsbrokenwiththeoctopus‘sbirdlikebeak（鸟嘴）,alsohelpsittodigestcrabs（蟹类）andmollusks（软体动物）.Scorpionfish岩鱼•Membersofthelargescorpionfishfamilyliveontheseafloorwheretheytendtoblendinwiththeirsurroundingsandhuntbyambush（埋伏）.Thesesit-and-waitpredators（捕食者）adoptsucheffectivecamouflagethatmanyoftheirmealslikelyneverknewwhathitthem.Scorpionfisharealsoarmedwithvenomousspines,whichcandeliveradangerousstingtoanyanimaltryingtomakepreyofthispredator.PufferFish河豚鱼•Thisharmless-looking“beachball”isactuallyapufferfish,washeduponaKarnataka,India,shoreline.Thefish,alsoknownasablowfish河豚,attemptstomakeitselfinedible不能吃的bydrinkingenormousamountsofwater(orair)andswellingtoseveraltimesitstypicalsize.Luckyisthepredatorthatnoticesthiswarning.Thosethatdon'tmightnotlivetorepeatthemistake.•Pufferfishcontaintetrodoxin（河豚毒素）,whichisfataltomanyfish—andtohumans,whohaveyettodevelopanantidote解药.SomeJapaneseconsiderthepufferadelicacy,thoughonefishholdsenoughtoxinstokill30people.Lionfish•Thecolorfullionfishpresentsanattractiveappearance,butitsarsenal（兵器）ofneedlelikedorsalfinsisactuallymeanttowarnothersaway.Too-curioushumanscanreceiveaquitepainfulandpotentiallydangerousstingfromthesespines.LionfishhailfromIndo-Pacificreefsbuttheyhaverecentlyspreadtootherwarmwaters,liketheCaribbean,wheretheyarecausingsomeecologicalconcernbythrivingasaninvasive（侵略性的）species.Nudibranch裸鳃类动物•Thesoftseaslugsknownasnudibranchshavenoshellsandaredefenselessfrompredators—orsoitwouldseem.Infacttheanimalsboastatoxicarsenalacquiredbyproducingtheirownpoisonsorbyingestingthemwithmealsoftoxicspongesoranemones（海葵）andthensecretingthemwhenthreatened.Manynudibranchsboastbrilliantcolorthatmakethemstandoutonreefsoroceanfloorsandsendwould-bepredatorsaclearmessage:Iamnottasty.Short-TailStingray黄貂鱼•Humanstingraydeathsareextremelyrare—onlyoneortwooccurworldwideeachyear.Theanimalstypicallyusetheirdaggerlike(匕首状的）tailspinesforprotectionagainstpredatorslikesharksorkillerwhales.•Short-tailsarethelargestofallstingraysandcanreachlengthsof14feet(4.25meters)andtop750pounds(340kilograms).BandedSeaKrait灰蓝扁尾海蛇•Thebandedseakrait’sfatalvenom（毒液）packsapunchtentimesmoretoxicthanarattlesnake’s（响尾蛇）,butfortunatelythesekraitsaresomeek(温驯的）thathumanbitesarerare.Aloneamongtheseasnakes,theyareamphibiousandabletospenduptotendaysatatimeonland.Seakraitshitthebeachtodigesttheirfood(mostlyeelsandfish),mate,andlayeggs.YetiCrab雪人蟹婴儿版滑板虾在一次海洋生物普查远征时发现的婴儿版滑板龙虾，尽管它成长的时候会包着一层厚厚的外壳，但它仍是完全透明的。据美国国家地理协会的新书《海洋公民：海洋普查发现的完美生物》所说，这种龙虾奇怪的眼睛可能是它在浮游生物或微生物间漂浮的时候，起到迷惑被捕食者的作用。