Ezra-Pound-美国文学

EzraPound(1885-1972)目录COMPANY01Life03Works02Styles04CommentsLifeThelifeofPound•borninHailey,Idaho爱达荷州•grewupandwaseducatedmainlyinPennsylvania.宾夕法尼亚州[,pɛnsəl'veɪnjə]•In1901attheageof15,heenteredtheUniversityofPennsylvania•twoyearslater,transferredtoHamiltonCollege汉密尔顿学院●In1908hemovedtoEurope,livingfirstinVenicebuteventuallysettlinginLondon.●Poundself-publishedALumeSpento灯火熄灭之时,hisfirstpublishedcollectionofshortpoems,whilelivinginVenice.●IntheyearsbeforetheWorldWarI,PoundwaslargelyresponsiblefortheappearanceofImagism印象派,andcoinedthenameofthemovementVorticism(旋涡主义画派)EzramarriedtheartistDorothyShakespearin1914.Oneofsmallnumberofwomenvorticistpainters旋涡派画家●In1920,hemovedtoParisandgotacquaintedwithGertrudeStein格特鲁德·斯泰因（美国作家与诗人）andhercircleoffriends,thensettledinItalyin1924.●DuringthesecondWorldWar,heleanedinthedirectionofMussolini’sfascisttotalitarianism[,təʊtælɪ'teərɪənɪzəm]他倾向于墨索里尼的法西斯极权主义●havingmadeanti-Americanradiobroadcasts反美电台节目,hewasarrestedasatraitor叛徒in1945●senttotheUS,wherehewasdeemedmentallyunfittostandtrialfortreason.他被送到美国，在那里他被认为是精神上不适合以叛国罪受审●Poundwasconfined幽禁for12yearsinahospital(actuallyprison)forthecriminallyinsaneinWashington.●DuringthistimehetranslatedworksofancientGreekandancientChineseliterature.●Whileinprison,hewasawardedaprestigiouspoetryprizein1949forhislastCantos./əu/In1958hereturnedtoItaly,wherehecontinuedtowriteandmaketranslationsuntilhediedin1972.PoundinVenice,1963Pound'sgraveontheIsoladiSanMichele,1972StyleStyleLiterarycriticismandeconomictheoryTheCantosTranslationsImagismandVorticism['vɔrtɪ,sɪzm]意象派的宗旨是要求诗人以鲜明、准确、含蓄和高度凝炼的意象生动及形象地展现事物，并将诗人瞬息间的思想感情溶化在诗行中。它反对发表议论及感叹。StyleLiterarycriticismandeconomictheoryTheCantosTranslationsImagismandVorticism旋涡派，即是主张表现动力之美，反对英国传统艺术的沉静作风。旋涡派在1915年举办了展览会，声称他们的倾向是将各种物体简化为几何的或机器的形状。因此，可以说，旋涡派在理论上是根据立体派与未来派，特别是未来派所赞美的速率动力之美。他们以旋涡型为世界观的象征。带有浓厚的未来派色彩。TranslationPound'stranslationsrepresentasubstantialpartofhiswork.HebeganhiscareerwithtranslationsofOccitanballads奥克语民谣andendedwithtranslationsofEgyptianpoetry.Yaosaysthebodyoftranslationsbymodernistpoetsingeneral,muchofwhichPoundstarted,consistsofsomethemostsignificantmodernistachievementsinEnglish.[159]PoundwasthefirstEnglishlanguagepoetsinceJohnDryden约翰·德莱顿,somethreecenturiesearlier,togiveprimacytotranslationsinEnglishliterature.Thefullnessoftheachievementforthemodernistsisthattheyrenewedinterestinmulticulturalism多元文化论,multilingualism,and,perhapsofgreaterimportance,theytreatedtranslationsnotinastrictsenseofthewordbutinsteadsawatranslationasthecreationofanoriginalwork.TranslationHehelpedpopularizemajorpoetssuchasGuidoCavalcanti（anItalianpoet）andDuFu杜甫,andbroughtProvençal[,prɔvɔn'sɑ:l]普罗旺斯语andChinesepoetrytoEnglish-speakingaudiences.HerevivedinterestintheConfucianclassicsandintroducedthewesttoclassicalJapanesepoetryanddrama.HetranslatedandchampionedGreek,LatinandAnglo-Saxonclassics,andhelpedkeepthemaliveatatimewhenpoetsnolongerconsideredtranslationscentraltotheircraft.InPound'sFenollosatranslations,unlikepreviousAmericantranslatorsofChinesepoetry,whichtendedtoworkwithstrictmetricalandstanzaicpatterns,Poundcreatedfreeversetranslations.TheCantosPoundreachesacrossculturesandtimeperiods,assemblingandjuxtaposing（把…并列）themesandhistoryfromHomer（荷马）toOvid（奥维德，古罗马诗人）andDante（但丁）,fromThomasJeffersonandJohnAdams,andmanyothers.Poundlayeredideas,culturesandhistoricalperiods,writinginasmanyas15differentlanguages,usingmodernvernacular（方言）,ClassicallanguagesandChineseideograms表意文字.IraNadelsaysTheCantosisanepic,thatisapoemincludinghistory,andthatthehistoricalfigureslendreferentialitytothetext.LiterarycriticismandeconomictheoryPoundthoughtwritingthecantosmeantwritinganepicabouthistoryandeconomics,andhewovehiseconomictheoriesthroughout庞德认为写诗章意味着要写一部关于历史和经济的史诗，他的经济理论贯穿始终;neithercanbeunderstoodwithouttheother.InthesepamphletsandinTheABCofReading,hesoughttoemphasizethevalueofartandtoaestheticizethepolitical,writtenforcefully,accordingtoNadel,andinadeterminedvoice.Informhiscriticismandessaysaredirect,repetitiveandreductionist,hisrhetoricminimalist,filledwithstridentimpatience,在形式上，他的批评和文章是直接的、重复的和简化的，他的修辞极简主义，充满了“刺耳的不耐烦”，accordingtoPoundscholarJasonCoats,andfrequentlyfailingtomakeacoherentclaim.Herejectedtraditionalrhetoricandcreatedhisown,althoughnotverysuccessfullyWorksLiterarycriticismandeconomictheory1908ALumeSpento.PrivatelyprintedbyA.Antonini,Venice,(poems).1908AQuinzaineforThisYule.Pollock,London;andElkinMathews,London,(poems).1909Personae.ElkinMathews,London,(poems).1909Exultations.ElkinMathews,London,(poems).1910TheSpiritofRomance.Dent,London,(prose).1910Provenca.Small,Maynard,Boston,(poems).1911Canzoni.ElkinMathews,London,(poems)1912TheSonnetsandBallateofGuidoCavalcantiSmall,Maynard,Boston,(cheapereditiondestroyedbyfire,Swift&Co,London;translations)1912Ripostes.S.Swift,London,(poems;firstannouncementofImagism)1915Cathay.ElkinMathews,(poems;translations)1916Gaudier-Brzeska.AMemoir.JohnLane,London,(prose).[198]1916CertainNoblePlaysofJapan:FromtheManuscriptsofErnestFenollosa,chosenandfinishedbyEzraPound,withanintroductio