动词不定式的被动语态主动表被动

一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被动语态的基本结构:be+done（以thebook,publish为例）一般现在/过去时：Thebook____________________.一般/过去将来时:Thebook_________________________.Thebook__________________________.现在/过去进行时：Thebook__________________________.现在/过去完成时:Thebook___________________________.情态动词：Thebook_______________________________.is/waspublishedwill/wouldbepublishedis/wasgoingtobepublishedis/wasbeingpublishedhas/hadbeenpublishedcan/could/may/might…bepublished二、动词不定式的被动语态1.动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式：1）一般式（not/never）tobedone2）完成式（not/never）tohavebeendone（表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）2.动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用1)做主语（常用it做形式主语）Tobeofferedsympathybyarobotisridiculous.被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。2)做表语ThepartyistobeheldnextSaturdayevening.明年,这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。Itisridiculoustobeofferedsympathyby….ItisagreathonortobeinvitedtoattendtheopeningceremonyofAsianGames.Thenewdrugistobetestedoutonthe500overweightpeoplenextyear.3)做宾语Shedidn’tliketobetreatedasachild.Hepretendedtohavebeenbeatenbyhisstep-father.这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。Theclerkwouldn’tliketobelaughedatbyhercustomers4)做宾语补足语Tonyexpectedthehousetobecompletelytransformed.这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座电影院。Thedisabledchildexpectedthecinematobedesignedbythechiefarchitect.5）做定语Whatavictorytobeenviedbythosewomen!英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。TheEnglishareproudoftheOlympicGamestobeheldinLondon.6）做状语AllthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoastobereceivedintimeforChristmas.他匆忙赶到订票处（bookingoffice）却被告知所有的票都卖完了。Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonlytobetoldthatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing/完成进行式tohavebeendoing/I.根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充完整。1.Hewantedtheletter__________(type)atonce.2.Itisthefirstsuchproject______________(design)byChineseengineers.tobetypedtohavebeendesigned3.Theyknewhim___________________(arrest)bythepolice.5.Hesaidhewas_________(send)theretoattendanimportantmeetingnextFriday.tohavebeenarrestedtobesent6.Shedidn’twantherson___________(take)away.7.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears________________(tell)everything.8.Sheisbusypreparingfortheexams__________(hold)nextmonth.9.Hehurriedtothestationonly______(tell)thatthetrainhadleft.tobetakentohavebeentoldtobeheldtohavebeentold3.在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。1)不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语（或另一名词/代词）构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,Hehasnothingtoeat.分析：eat动→nothing宾/he主→eat谓Iwillgiveyouabooktoread.分析：_____动→________宾/_____主→_____谓这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。readabookyoureadTheelegantladyhadsomethingtodeclare.★比较：Ihavealotofletterstotype.(我有很多信件要打印：Iwilltypetheletter)Ihavealotofletterstobetyped.(意思为：Igetsb.totypetheletter)1)I’llgotoNewYork.Haveyouanything____________(take)toyourwifethere?2)Haveyouanyclothes____________(wash),sir?”askedthemaid3)IcannotgooutnowasIhavealotofclothes___________(wash)tobetakentobewashedtowash★注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式则必须用被动式。3.在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。2)在“主语+表语（形容词）todo”中，主语也是不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语之间是动宾关系。Thisquestioniseasytoanswer.（分析：answer(动)------thisquestion（宾））★注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。Johnisdifficulttodealwith.（分析：_________(动)----________(宾)）如：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。这题目很难算出来。dealwithJohnThearmchairiscomfortabletositinThequestionisdifficulttoworkout4.Therebe结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。Thereisalotofworktodo/tobedone.(多用主动形式)没有什么可担心的。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.1.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects高考题汇集：3.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_____thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedC.havinginvented4.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_____tocarryallthewayhome.A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch5.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto6.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking7.Therearefivepairs___,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing8.________lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep9.Withalotofdifficultproblems________,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled10.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_____inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying11.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystateruncompaniesaretrying______theirproductsmorecompetitive.A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade12.Theteacheraskedus_______somuchnoise.A.don'tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake•EXERCISES1.Youhadbetter______yourhaircut.A.hadB.haveCtogetDtohave2.We______putthemeetingoffforaweek.A.canaswellB.willaswellC.shallaswellD.mayaswell3.He______liveinthecountrythaninthecity.A.prefersB.likestoC.hadbetterD.wouldrather4.Theboytoldhisfatherthathewouldrather______anastronaut.A.becomeB.tobecomeC.becomingD.became5.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade___.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning6.---Iusuallygotherebytrain.---Whynot___byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing7.Hewantstodonothingbut____out