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1SupplementaryExercisesI.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:1.Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudyhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication2.Pragmaticstreatsthemeaningoflanguageassomethingintrinsicandinherent.3.Itwouldbeimpossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningifthecontextoflanguageusewasleftunconsidered.4.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthecontextofuseisconsidered.5.Themajordifferencebetweenasentenceandanutteranceisthatasentenceisnotutteredwhileanutteranceis.6.Themeaningofasentenceisabstract,butcontext-dependent.7.Themeaningofanutteranceisdecontexualized,thereforestable.8.Utterancesalwaystaketheformofcompletesentences9.SpeechacttheorywasoriginatedwiththeBritishphilosopherJohnSearle.10.Speechacttheorystartedinthelate50’softhe20thcentury.11.Austinmadethedistinctionbetweenaconstativeandaperformative.12.Perlocutionaryactistheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention.II.Fillineachblankbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:13.P_________isthestudyofhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.14.Whatessentiallydistinguishess_______andpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthecontextofuseisconsidered.15.Thenotionofc_________isessentialtothepragmaticstudyoflanguage.16.Ifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itbecomesanu___________.17.Themeaningofasentenceisa_______,anddecontexualized.18.C________werestatementsthateitherstateordescribe,andwerethusverifiable.19.P________weresentencesthatdidnotstateafactordescribeastate,andwerenotverifiable.20.Al_________actistheactofutteringwords,phrases,clauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.21.Ani__________actistheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention;itistheactperformedinsayingsomething.22.Ac_________iscommitthespeakerhimselftosomefuturecourseofaction.23.Ane________istoexpressfeelingsorattitudetowardsanexistingstate.224.Therearefourmaximsunderthecooperativeprinciple:themaximofq_______,themaximofquality,themaximofrelationandthemaximofmanner.III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:25._________doesnotstudymeaninginisolation,butincontext.A.PragmaticsB.SemanticsC.SenserelationD.Concept26.Themeaningoflanguagewasconsideredassomething_______intraditionalsemantics.A.contextualB.behaviouristicC.intrinsicD.logical27.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaning_________isconsidered.A.referenceB.speechactC.practicalusageD.context28.Asentenceisa_________concept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation.A.pragmaticB.grammaticalC.mentalD.conceptual29.Ifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itbecomesa(n)_________.A.constativeB.directiveC.utteranceD.expressive30.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Utterancesusuallydonottaketheformofsentences.B.Someutterancescannotberestoredtocompletesentences.C.Noutterancescantaketheformofsentences.D.Allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.31.Speechacttheorydidnotcomeintobeinguntil__________.A.inthelate50’softhe20thecenturyB.intheearly1950’sC.inthelate1960’sD.intheearly21stcentury.32.__________istheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething;itistheconsequenceof,orthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance.A.AlocutionaryactB.AnillocutionaryactC.AperlocutionaryactD.Aperformativeact333.AccordingtoSearle,theillocutionarypointoftherepresentativeis______.A.togetthehearertodosomethingB.tocommitthespeakertosomething’sbeingthecaseC.tocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionD.toexpressthefeelingsorattitudetowardsanexistingstateofaffairs.34.Alltheactsthatbelongtothesamecategorysharethesamepurpose,buttheydiffer__________.A.intheirillocutionaryacts.B.intheirintentionsexpressedC.intheirstrengthorforceD.intheireffectbroughtabout35.__________isadvancedbyPaulGriceA.CooperativePrincipleB.PolitenessPrincipleC.TheGeneralPrincipleofUniversalGrammarD.AdjacencyPrinciple36.Whenanyofthemaximsunderthecooperativeprincipleisflouted,_______mightarise.A.impolitenessB.contradictionsC.mutualunderstandingD.conversationalimplicaturesI.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:l.F2.F3.T4.T5.F6.F7.F8.F9.F10.T11.T12.FII.Fillineachblankbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:13.Pragmatics14.semantics15.context16.utterance17.abstract18.Constatives19.Performatives20.locutionary21.illocutionary22.commissive23.expressive24.quantityIII.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:425.A26.C27.D28.B29.C30.B31.A32.C33.B34.C35.A36.DIV.Definethetermsbelow:37.pragmatics38.context39.utterancemeaning40.sentencemeaning41.constative42.performative43.locutionaryact44.illocutionaryact45.perlocutionaryact46..CooperativePrincipleV.Answerthefollowingquestionsascomprehensivelyaspossible.Giveexamplesforillustrationifnecessary:47.Howaresemanticsandpragmaticsdifferentfromeachother?48.Howdoesasentencedifferfromanutterance?49.Howdoesasentencemeaningdifferfromanutterance