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一、ClozeInBritain,astudentwhoreceivesfurtherfull-timeeducationaftertheageofeighteen,eitheratauniversityoratateachers’trainingcollegeoratsomeothercollegegivingtrainingofa1type,canusuallyreceiveagrantfromthepublicauthoritiestocoverhisexpenses,ormostofthem,unlesshisparentshavealargeincome.Butthenumberofyoungpeoplewhocan2universitiesislimitedbythecapacityoftheuniversities,whichis3thanenoughtotakealltheyoungpeoplewhohavethebasicqualificationsforuniversityadmission.Inpractice,therefore,entrytotheuniversitiesiscompetitive.Butuniversitydegreecourses（学位课程）arealso4atpolytechnics,andentrytotheOpenUniversityislessrestricted.Theacademicyearbeginsafterthesummerholidaysandisdividedintothree“terms”,withthe5betweenthemformedbytheChristmasandEasterholidays.Theexactdatesoftheholidaysvaryfromareatoarea,6ingeneralabouttwoweeksatChristmasandEaster,plusoftenaweekormoreatWhitsun,andsixweeksinthesummer,beginningratherlate.Schoolsoutsidethestatesystemdecideontheirownholiday7,generallytakingamonthoffatChristmasandEasterandeightweeksinthesummer.Thethreetermsarenoteverywherecalledbythesamenames;indeed8schoolscalltheJanuary-Marchperiod“theSpringTerm”,othersuse“SpringTerm”fortheperiodApril-July.SomecalltheJanuaryterm“WinterTerm”(whichislogical),otherscallit“EasterTerm”.Day-schoolsmostlyworkMondaytoFridayonly,fromabout99tobetween3and4p.m.Lunchisprovidedandparentspayforitunlesstheyprovetotheauthoritiesthattheycannotwellafford10.Allprimaryschoolchildren,includingthoseinindependentschools,weregivenmilkfreeofchargeuntil1970whentheGovernmentabolishedthisbenefit.在英国，18岁以后接受进一步全日制教育的学生，无论是在大学或教师培训学院，或是在其他特殊类型的培训学院，通常都可以从公共部门获得补助金来支付他的开支，或者大部分费用，除非他的父母有大笔收入。但是，进入大学的年轻人数量受到大学能力的限制，这还不足以容纳所有具备大学入学基本资格的年轻人。因此，在实践中，进入大学是有竞争力的。但是理工学院也有大学学位课程，开放大学的入学限制也较小。学年从暑假后开始，分为三个学期，每学期之间的间隔由圣诞节和复活节假期组成。假期的确切日期因地制宜，一般在圣诞节和复活节两周左右，加上惠特桑通常一周或一周以上，夏天六周左右，开始相当晚。国家系统以外的学校决定自己的假期，通常在圣诞节和复活节休息一个月，在夏天休息八周。这三个术语并非到处都用相同的名字来称呼；事实上，一些学校称1-3月为“春季学期”，另一些学校称4-7月为“春季学期”。有些人称一月为“冬季学期”（合乎逻辑），另一些人称之为“复活节学期”。日间学校大多只在周一到周五工作，从上午9点到下午3点到4点。提供午餐，父母支付午餐费用，除非他们向当局证明他们负担不起。所有的小学儿童，包括那些在独立学校的儿童，直到1970年政府废除了这项福利，才免费获得牛奶。1.A.particularB.especialC.specialD.peculiar2.A.enterB.admitC.goinD.comein3.A.moreB.lessC.muchD.little4.A.capableB.possibleC.probableD.available5.A.turnsB.intervalsC.roundsD.times6.A.beingB.doingC.havingD.getting7.A.daysB.datesC.periodsD.ages8.A.lotsB.anyC.manyD.some9.A.a.m.B.p.m.C.B.C.D.A.D.10.A.downB.offC.toD.from二、ReadingComprehension2Sometimesabookcanhelpchangehistory.OnebookthatcertainlydidwasUncleTom’sCabin,WrittenbyHarrietBeecherStowe.Itwasabookthatspokeoutagainstslavery.有时候一本书可以帮助改变历史。当然，有一本书是由哈里特·比彻·斯托写的《汤姆叔叔的小屋》。这是一本反对奴隶制的书。AsHarrietBeecherStowewroteherbook,therewereover3.5millionslavesintheUnitedStates.Slaveswereusuallyinthecotton-growingstatesoftheSouth.TheNorthernStateshasendedslavery.Yetmostnorthernerswerenotstronglyagainstslavery.TheydidnotmindthatslaverycontinuedintheSouth.哈丽雅特·比彻·斯托（HarrietBeecherStowe）写这本书时说，美国有350多万奴隶。奴隶通常在南方种植棉花的州。北方各州已经结束了奴隶制。然而，大多数北方人并不强烈反对奴隶制。他们不介意南方继续有奴隶制。Stowedecidedtomakepeopleunderstandthatslaverywasverybad.Eachnightafterputtingrsixchildrentobed,sheworkedonherbook.Shetoldtheowner.Shealsotoldhowtheslavestriedtorunawayforfreedom.UncleTom’sCabinfirstcamein1852.Over300,000booksweresoldoutinayear.斯托决定让人们明白奴隶制是非常糟糕的。每天晚上，在让R6个孩子睡觉后，她都在写她的书。她告诉店主。她还告诉我们奴隶们是如何为了自由而逃跑的。汤姆叔叔的小屋第一次来到是在1852年。一年内售出超过30万本书。Peoplehaddifferentideasaboutthebook.IntheNorth,manypeoplefinallybelievedthatslaverymustbeendedaftertheyreadthebook.IntheSouth,manypeoplewereveryangryatthepeopleintheNorth.By1861thetwopartsofthecountrywereatwar.TheCivilWar,whichlasteduntilofcease,wasmadetohappenbymanythings.YetUncleTom’sCabinsurelyplayedapart.StowemetPresidentLinclonin1862.AsLinclontookherhand,hesaid,“Soyouarethewomanwhostarredthebigwar.”人们对这本书有不同的看法。在北方，许多人最终相信奴隶制必须在读完这本书后结束。在南方，许多人对北方人非常愤怒。到1861年，该国的两个地区处于交战状态。内战一直持续到结束，这是由许多事情造成的。但汤姆叔叔的小屋确实起了作用。斯托于1862年会见了林克罗总统。当林克罗握住她的手时，他说，“你就是那场大战的主角。”11.BeforeUncleTom’sCabincameout,mostNortherners______.A.wereslavesintheSouthB.didnotknowhowbadslaverywasC.keptslavesintheirhomesD.understoodthatslaverywaswrong12.WhilemanyNorthernersagreedwithHarrietBeacherStowe,______.A.manysouthernerswantedwarB.manysouthernershadnotreadthebookC.manysouthernerswereangryatherD.someslavestriedtorunawayfromNorth13.Fromthetext,wecaninferthat_______.A.StowewasaveryyoungwomanB.Stowe’shusbandwasdeadwhenshewrotethestoryC.StowewroteherbookwithstoriesfromhersixchildrenD.Stowecouldnotworkonherbookatallduringthedaytime14.UncleTom’sCabinwas_______.A.abookaboutHarrietBeecherStoweB.ahistorybookC.abookthathelpedchangehistoryD.abookabouttheAmericanCivilwar15.HarrietBeecherStowe_______.A.wasalittlewomanwhostartedtheAmericanCivilWartogetherwithAbrahamLinclonB.wasstronglyagainsttheslaveryC.helpedsomeslavestorunawayfromtheSouthD.metAbrahamLincolnbeforetheCivilWar三、VocabularyandStructure16.Shebreatheda______ofreliefwhentheexpecteddisasterdidnothappen.A.sighB.breathC.airD.gas当预料中的灾难没有发生时，她松了一口气。17.Daylight______longinthesummertime.A.lingers（v.继续存留;缓慢消失;流连;逗留;徘徊;）B.staysC.hoversD.pe